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Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive

Research Article

volume 41 issue 3 (september 2020) : 297-302,   Doi: 10.18805/ag.R-2012

Influence of Foliar Sprays of Nutrients on Yield and Yield Accrediting Characters of Kinnow Mandarin: A Review

R
Reetika
G
G.S. Rana
K
Komal
S
Sanjay Kumar
P
Poonam Saini
1Department of Horticulture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004, Haryana, India.
Cite article:- Reetika, Rana G.S., Komal, Kumar Sanjay, Saini Poonam (2020). Influence of Foliar Sprays of Nutrients on Yield and Yield Accrediting Characters of Kinnow Mandarin: A Review. Agricultural Reviews. 41(3): 297-302. doi: 10.18805/ag.R-2012.

ABSTRACT

Plant nutrients both macro and micro plays a major productive and qualitative role in bringing stability and sustainability in the production system particularly in fruits crops like citrus and therefore, effective nutrient management is critical. The aim of our paper is to study the influence of foliar sprays of nutrients on yield and yield attributing characters such as fruit drop, final fruit retention, number of fruits per plant and fruit yield of Kinnow mandarin as appropriate rate, time and method of application of fertilizers in Kinnow are considered to be the major indices in deciding the desired level of productivity and  quality of fruits. Therefore, many studies around the world, evaluating the yield and yield attributing characters of Kinnow mandarin with respect to foliar application of nutrients were studied and their results showed that the foliar application were economically viable and beneficial for both Kinnow productivity and environmental sustainability. Hence, for obtaining better fruit yield and minimizing fruit drop with aim to achieve desired level of productivity and improved fruit quality, foliar spray of macro and micronutrients could be used effectively.

REFERENCES

  1. Abd-Allah, A.S.E. (2006). Effect of spraying some micro and macronutrients in fruit set, yield and fruit quality of Washington Navel orange tree. Applied Science Research. 11: 1059 -1063.
  2. Anonymous, (2017). Horticulture Department Report, Government of Haryana. www.hortharyana.gov.in.
  3. Ashraf, M.Y., Hussain, F., Akhtar, J., Khan, M. and Ebert, G. (2011). Modulation in yield and juice quality characteristics of citrus fruit from trees supplied with zinc and potassium foliarly. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 34: 1996-2012.
  4. Ashraf, M.Y., Yaqub, M., Akhtar, J., Khan, M., Khan, M.A. and Ebert, G. (2012). Control of excessive fruit drop and improvement in yield and juice quality of Kinnow (Citrus deliciosa x Citrus nobilis) through nutrient management. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 44: 259-265.
  5. Babu, K.D. and Yadav, D.S. (2001). Effect of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid on yield and quality of Khasi mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco). South Indian Horticulture. 50(1-3): 31 -35.
  6. Babu, K.D. and Yadav, D.S. (2005). Foliar spray of micronutrients for yield and quality improvement in Khasi mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco). Indian Journal of Horticulture. 62: 280-281.
  7. Babu, K.D., Dubey, A.K. and Yadav, D.S. (2007). Effect of micronutrients on enhancing the productivity and quality of Kinnow mandarin. Indian Journal of Horticulture, 64(3): 353-356.
  8. Babu, K.D., Yadav, D.S., Prasad, M.S. and Sharma, Y.P. (2002). Pre-harvest fruit drop in Khasi Mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco). Crop Research, Hisar. 23(2): 308-312.
  9. Bazelet, M., Feigenbaum, S. and Bar-Akiva, A. (1980). Potassium Fertilizer Experimenting Shamouti Orange Grove Pamph. Volcani Cen. No. 220-228.
  10. Boman, B.J. and Hebb, J.W. (1998). Post bloom and summer foliar K effects on grapefruit size. In: Proceedings of Florida State Horticultural Society. 111: 128-135. 
  11. Daulta, B.S., Kumar, R. and Singh, D. (1986). Effect of zinc sulphate, cytozyme and 2,4-D on fruit retention and quality of Kinnow- a mandarin hybrid. Haryana Journal of Horticultureal Sciences. 15(2): 14-17.
  12. Dawood, S.A., Meligy, M.S. and El-Hamady, M.M. (2001). Influence of zinc sulphate application on tree leaf and fruit characters of three young citrus verities grown on slightly alkaline soil. Annals Agriculture Sciences Moshtohor. 39: 433-447.
  13. Desai, U.T., Choudary, K.G. and Chaudary, S.M. (1986). Studies on the nutritional requirement of sweet orange. Journal of Maharashtra Agricultural University. 11: 145-147.
  14. Dixit, C.K., Yamdagni, R. and Jindal, P.C. (1977). A note on the effect of micronutrients spray on quality of Kinnow. Haryana Journal of Horticultural Sciences. 6: 153-154. 
  15. El-Kobbia, A.M., Kassem, H.A., Marzouk, H.A. and Abo-Elmagd, M. (2011). Enhancing cropping of Navel orange by different agrochemicals foliar sprays. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture. 23(1): 95-102.
  16. Eman, A.A.A.E., El-Migeed, M.M.M.A. and Omayma, M.M.I. (2007). GA3 and zinc sprays for improving yield and fruit quality of Washington Navel orange trees grown under sandy soil conditions. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences. 3(5): 498-503.
  17. Gill, P.S., Singh, S.N. and Dhatt, A.S. (2005). Effect of foliar application of K and N fertilizers on fruit quality of Kinnow mandarin. Indian Journal of Horticulture. 62: 282-284.
  18. Gupta, O.P., Jawanda, J.S. and Gupta, K.R. (1989). Foliar applications of urea and zinc sulphate for fruit drop control in Kinnow Mandarin. Current Science. 58(8): 456-457.
  19. Gurjar, P.S. and Rana, G.S. (2014). Influence of foliar application of nutrients and growth regulator on fruit drop, yield and fruit size and quality in Kinnow mandarin. Indian Journal of Horticulture. 71(1): 109-111.
  20. Gurung, S., Mahato, S.K., Suresh, C.P. and Chetrri, B. (2016). Impact of foliar application of growth regulators and micronutrients on the performance of Darjeeling Mandarin. American Journal of Experimental Agriculture. 12(4):1-7.
  21. Hamza, A., Bamouh, A., Guilli, M.E.l. and Bouabid, R. (2012). Response of Clementine citrus var. Cadoux to foliar potassium fertilization: Effects on fruit production and quality. e-ifc No. 31, pp. 8-15.
  22. Harold, J.E. and George, J.S. (1966). Role of mineral elements with emphasis on the univalent cations. Annals of Plant Physiology. 11: 47-76. 
  23. Huchche, A.D. (2001). Nature and management of citrus fruit drop. In: Citrus (Eds. Singh, S. and Naqvi, S.A.M.H.). IBDC Publishers, Lucknow, UP. pp. 287-294.
  24. Jat, G. and Kacha, H.L. (2014). Response of guava to foliar application of urea and zinc on fruit set, yield and quality. Agriculture Search. 1(2): 86-91.
  25. Josan, J.S., Sandhu, A.S., Singh, R. and Monga, P.K. (1995). Effect of various nutrient sprays on fruit quality of lemon. Indian Journal of Horticulture. 52: 288-290.
  26. Katyal, J.C. (2004. Role of micronutrients in ensuring optimum use of macronutrients. In: Proceedings of International symposium on micronutrients, New Delhi, India. pp. 3-17.
  27. Kaur, N., Monga, P.K., Arora, P.K. and Kumar, K. (2015). Effect of micronutrients on leaf composition, fruit quality and yield of Kinnow mandarin. Journal of Applied and Natural Science. 7(2):639-643. 
  28. Kaur, N., Monga, P.K., Thatai, S.K. and Vij, V.K. (2000). Effect of growth regulators on periodical fruit drop in Kinnow mandarin. Haryana Journal of Horticultural Sciences. 29(1 and 2): 39-41.
  29. Lee, L.S. and Chapman, J.C. (1988). Yield and fruit quality response of Ellendale mandarins to different nitrogen and potassium fertilizer rates. Australian Journal of Agriculture. 28: 143-148.
  30. Liu, C.J., Wary, Y., Peng, S. and Lee, J. (2010). A review on effects of mineral nutrients on citrus. China Journal of Soil Science. 41: 2006-2045. 
  31. Malik, R.P., Ahlawat, V.P. and Nain, A.S. (2000). Effect of foliar spray of urea and zinc sulphate on yield and fruit quality of Kinnow- a mandarin hybrid. Haryana Journal of Horticultural Sciences. 29(1/2): 37-38.
  32. Miller, J.E. and Hofman, P.J. (1988). Physiology and nutrition of citrus fruit, growth with special reference to the Valencia: A mini-review. In: Proceedings of 6th International Citrus Congress, Tel Aviv, Israel. pp. 503-510.
  33. Modise, D.M., Likuku, A.S., Thuma, M. and Phuti, R. (2009). The influence of exogenously applied 2, 4- D acid on fruit drop and quality of Navel Oranges (Citrus sinensis L.). African Journal of Biotechnology. 8: 2131- 2137.
  34. Nithin, K.C.J., Rajangam, J., Balakrishnan, K. and Sampath P.M. (2017). Influence of foliar application of micronutrients on yield and quality of mandarin orange (Citrus reticulata blanco.) under lower pulney hills. International Journal of Agriculture Sciences. 9(17): 4151-4153.
  35. Obreza, T.A. (2001). Effect of P and K Fertilization on Young Citrus Growth. Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Florida. pp. 1-3.
  36. Obreza, T.A., Morgan, K.T., Albrigo, L.G. and Boman, B.J. (2008). Recommended fertilizer rates and timing. In: Nutrition of Florida Citrus Trees, 2nd edn. (Eds. Thomas, A., Obreza and Kelly, Morgan, T.), Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Florida. pp. 24-32.
  37. Obreza, T.A., Zekri, M., Hanlon, E.A., Morgan, K., Schumann, A. and Rouse, R. (2010). Soil and Leaf Tissue Testing for Commercial Citrus Production. Cooperative Extension Service, University of Florida, Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Florida. pp. 24-32.
  38. Omaima, M.H. and El-Metwally, I.M. (2007). Efficiency of zinc and potassium sprays alone or in combination with some weed control treatments on weeds growth, yield and fruit quality of Washington Navel orange orchards. Journal of Applies Sciences Research. 3(7): 613-621.
  39. Prasad, H., Prasad, D., Bhan, C., Bairwa, S.K., Babu, S. and Pal, S. (2013). Effect of foliar application of urea, zinc sulphate and 2,4- D on Kinnow mandarin. Journal of Progressive Agriculture. 4(1):148-153.
  40. Rattanpal, H.S., Rani, S., Kumar, A. and Dhaliwal, H.S. (2005). Effect of potassium and 2,4-D sprays on physical parameters of Kinnow fruits. Haryana Journal of Horticultural Sciences, 34(3-4): 222-223.
  41. Reetika, Rana, G.S, Rana, M.K., Prince and Kant, G. (2018). Effect of foliar application of macro and micronutrients on fruit drop and yield of Kinnow Mandarin. International Journal of Pure and Applied Bioscience, 6(2): 1163-1169.
  42. Saleem, M., Ashraf, Y.M., Ashraf, M., Akhtar, M. and Mahmood, K. (2013). Improvement in yield, quality and reduction in fruit drop in Kinnow (Citrus reticulata Blanco) by exogenous application of plant growth regulators, potassium and zinc. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 45: 433-440.
  43. Saleh, M.M.S., Mostafa, E.A.M. and Abd-El-Migeed, M.M.M. (2001). Response of some orange cultivars to different rates of potassium fertilization under sandy soil conditions. Annals of Agricultural Sciences, Ain Shams University. 46: 861-873.
  44. Sangwan, A.K., Rattanpal, H.S., Arora, N.K. and Dalal, R.S. (2008). Effect of foliar application of potassium on fruit yield and quality of Kinnow mandarin. Environment and Ecology. 26(4): 2315-2318.
  45. Sarrwy, S.M.A., El-Sheikh, M.H., Sanna-Kabeil, S. and Shamseldin, A. (2012). Effect of foliar application of different potassium forms supported by zinc on leaf mineral contents, yield and fruit quality of ‘Balady’ mandarin trees. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research. 12(4): 490-498.
  46. Saxena, M. (2018). Horticultural Statistics at a Glance 2018. www.agricoop.nic.in.
  47. Sharma, T., Khan, M.K., Misra, P. and Shukla, P.K. (2012). Micropropagation of Kinnow through nodal explants. The Bioscan. 7(2): 295-297.
  48. Singh, A., Bakshi, M.A., Brar, S. and Singh, S.K. (2019). Effect of micro-nutrients in Kinnow mandarin production: A review. International Journal of Chemical studies. 7: 5161-5164.
  49. Singh, P., Singh, D., Singh, M.C., Singh, S. and Singh, A. (2018). Impact of foliar application of growth regulators and micronutrients on fruit yield and quality of Kinnow. International Journal of Chemical Studies. 6(6):2545-2549.
  50. Singh, T.P., Yamdagni, R. and Jindal, P.C. (1979). A note on the effect of potassium sprays on quality of grapes cv. Perlette. Haryana Journal of Horticultural Science. 8(3-4): 207-208. 
  51. Srivastava, K.C. and Bopaiah, M.G. (1977). Further studies on influence of different levels and combinations of N, P and K on vigour, yield and quality of Coorg mandarin. In: Proceedings of International Citrus Symposium, IIHR, Bangalore, India. pp.29-34.
  52. Syamal, M.M., Singh, S.K., Lal, H. and Singh, B.P. (2008). Effect of urea and zinc on growth, flowering, fruiting and fruit quality of Kagzi lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle). Environment and Ecology. 26(3): 1036-1038.
  53. Vijaya, H.M., Godara, R.K., Singh, S. and Sharma, N. (2017). Effect of exogenous application of micronutrients on growth and yield of Kinnow mandarin under semi-arid zone of Haryana. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 6(4):733-735. 
  54. Wali, P. and Sharma, D.N. (1997). Effect of soil and foliar application of zinc on yield and quality in Kinnow- A mandarin hybrid. Haryana Journal of Horticultural Sciences. 26(3-4): 213-215. 
  55. Wang, R., Xue-Gen, S., Zhang, W.Y., Xiao-E, Y. and Juhani, U. (2006). Yield and quality responses of citrus (Citrus reticulata) and tea (Podocarpus fleuryi Hickel.) to compound fertilizers. Journal of Zhejiang University, China. 7: 696-701. 
  56. Wei, L.J., Fang, C., Dongbi, L., Yun Fan, W., Chang Bing, Y. and Hua, W.Y. (2002). Effect of application of potassium sulphate and potassium chloride on growth of citrus tree, yield and quality of fruits. Soil and Fertilizers Beijing. 4: 34.
  57. Yadav, D., Singh, S.P. and Singh, S. (2014). Effect of foliar application of potassium compounds on yield and quality of ber (Zizyphus mauritiana) cv. Banarasi Karaka. International Journal of Research in Applied, Natural and Social Sciences. 2: 89-92
  58. Yadav, R.K, Rana, G.S., Ahlawat, V.P., Dahiya, D.S. and Kumar, S. (2007). Effect of zinc application on growth and fruit drop of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck) cv. Jaffa. Haryana Journal of Horticultural Science. 36(3/4): 205-206.
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    Research Article

    volume 41 issue 3 (september 2020) : 297-302,   Doi: 10.18805/ag.R-2012

    Influence of Foliar Sprays of Nutrients on Yield and Yield Accrediting Characters of Kinnow Mandarin: A Review

    R
    Reetika
    G
    G.S. Rana
    K
    Komal
    S
    Sanjay Kumar
    P
    Poonam Saini
    1Department of Horticulture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004, Haryana, India.
    Cite article:- Reetika, Rana G.S., Komal, Kumar Sanjay, Saini Poonam (2020). Influence of Foliar Sprays of Nutrients on Yield and Yield Accrediting Characters of Kinnow Mandarin: A Review. Agricultural Reviews. 41(3): 297-302. doi: 10.18805/ag.R-2012.

    ABSTRACT

    Plant nutrients both macro and micro plays a major productive and qualitative role in bringing stability and sustainability in the production system particularly in fruits crops like citrus and therefore, effective nutrient management is critical. The aim of our paper is to study the influence of foliar sprays of nutrients on yield and yield attributing characters such as fruit drop, final fruit retention, number of fruits per plant and fruit yield of Kinnow mandarin as appropriate rate, time and method of application of fertilizers in Kinnow are considered to be the major indices in deciding the desired level of productivity and  quality of fruits. Therefore, many studies around the world, evaluating the yield and yield attributing characters of Kinnow mandarin with respect to foliar application of nutrients were studied and their results showed that the foliar application were economically viable and beneficial for both Kinnow productivity and environmental sustainability. Hence, for obtaining better fruit yield and minimizing fruit drop with aim to achieve desired level of productivity and improved fruit quality, foliar spray of macro and micronutrients could be used effectively.

    REFERENCES

    1. Abd-Allah, A.S.E. (2006). Effect of spraying some micro and macronutrients in fruit set, yield and fruit quality of Washington Navel orange tree. Applied Science Research. 11: 1059 -1063.
    2. Anonymous, (2017). Horticulture Department Report, Government of Haryana. www.hortharyana.gov.in.
    3. Ashraf, M.Y., Hussain, F., Akhtar, J., Khan, M. and Ebert, G. (2011). Modulation in yield and juice quality characteristics of citrus fruit from trees supplied with zinc and potassium foliarly. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 34: 1996-2012.
    4. Ashraf, M.Y., Yaqub, M., Akhtar, J., Khan, M., Khan, M.A. and Ebert, G. (2012). Control of excessive fruit drop and improvement in yield and juice quality of Kinnow (Citrus deliciosa x Citrus nobilis) through nutrient management. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 44: 259-265.
    5. Babu, K.D. and Yadav, D.S. (2001). Effect of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid on yield and quality of Khasi mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco). South Indian Horticulture. 50(1-3): 31 -35.
    6. Babu, K.D. and Yadav, D.S. (2005). Foliar spray of micronutrients for yield and quality improvement in Khasi mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco). Indian Journal of Horticulture. 62: 280-281.
    7. Babu, K.D., Dubey, A.K. and Yadav, D.S. (2007). Effect of micronutrients on enhancing the productivity and quality of Kinnow mandarin. Indian Journal of Horticulture, 64(3): 353-356.
    8. Babu, K.D., Yadav, D.S., Prasad, M.S. and Sharma, Y.P. (2002). Pre-harvest fruit drop in Khasi Mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco). Crop Research, Hisar. 23(2): 308-312.
    9. Bazelet, M., Feigenbaum, S. and Bar-Akiva, A. (1980). Potassium Fertilizer Experimenting Shamouti Orange Grove Pamph. Volcani Cen. No. 220-228.
    10. Boman, B.J. and Hebb, J.W. (1998). Post bloom and summer foliar K effects on grapefruit size. In: Proceedings of Florida State Horticultural Society. 111: 128-135. 
    11. Daulta, B.S., Kumar, R. and Singh, D. (1986). Effect of zinc sulphate, cytozyme and 2,4-D on fruit retention and quality of Kinnow- a mandarin hybrid. Haryana Journal of Horticultureal Sciences. 15(2): 14-17.
    12. Dawood, S.A., Meligy, M.S. and El-Hamady, M.M. (2001). Influence of zinc sulphate application on tree leaf and fruit characters of three young citrus verities grown on slightly alkaline soil. Annals Agriculture Sciences Moshtohor. 39: 433-447.
    13. Desai, U.T., Choudary, K.G. and Chaudary, S.M. (1986). Studies on the nutritional requirement of sweet orange. Journal of Maharashtra Agricultural University. 11: 145-147.
    14. Dixit, C.K., Yamdagni, R. and Jindal, P.C. (1977). A note on the effect of micronutrients spray on quality of Kinnow. Haryana Journal of Horticultural Sciences. 6: 153-154. 
    15. El-Kobbia, A.M., Kassem, H.A., Marzouk, H.A. and Abo-Elmagd, M. (2011). Enhancing cropping of Navel orange by different agrochemicals foliar sprays. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture. 23(1): 95-102.
    16. Eman, A.A.A.E., El-Migeed, M.M.M.A. and Omayma, M.M.I. (2007). GA3 and zinc sprays for improving yield and fruit quality of Washington Navel orange trees grown under sandy soil conditions. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences. 3(5): 498-503.
    17. Gill, P.S., Singh, S.N. and Dhatt, A.S. (2005). Effect of foliar application of K and N fertilizers on fruit quality of Kinnow mandarin. Indian Journal of Horticulture. 62: 282-284.
    18. Gupta, O.P., Jawanda, J.S. and Gupta, K.R. (1989). Foliar applications of urea and zinc sulphate for fruit drop control in Kinnow Mandarin. Current Science. 58(8): 456-457.
    19. Gurjar, P.S. and Rana, G.S. (2014). Influence of foliar application of nutrients and growth regulator on fruit drop, yield and fruit size and quality in Kinnow mandarin. Indian Journal of Horticulture. 71(1): 109-111.
    20. Gurung, S., Mahato, S.K., Suresh, C.P. and Chetrri, B. (2016). Impact of foliar application of growth regulators and micronutrients on the performance of Darjeeling Mandarin. American Journal of Experimental Agriculture. 12(4):1-7.
    21. Hamza, A., Bamouh, A., Guilli, M.E.l. and Bouabid, R. (2012). Response of Clementine citrus var. Cadoux to foliar potassium fertilization: Effects on fruit production and quality. e-ifc No. 31, pp. 8-15.
    22. Harold, J.E. and George, J.S. (1966). Role of mineral elements with emphasis on the univalent cations. Annals of Plant Physiology. 11: 47-76. 
    23. Huchche, A.D. (2001). Nature and management of citrus fruit drop. In: Citrus (Eds. Singh, S. and Naqvi, S.A.M.H.). IBDC Publishers, Lucknow, UP. pp. 287-294.
    24. Jat, G. and Kacha, H.L. (2014). Response of guava to foliar application of urea and zinc on fruit set, yield and quality. Agriculture Search. 1(2): 86-91.
    25. Josan, J.S., Sandhu, A.S., Singh, R. and Monga, P.K. (1995). Effect of various nutrient sprays on fruit quality of lemon. Indian Journal of Horticulture. 52: 288-290.
    26. Katyal, J.C. (2004. Role of micronutrients in ensuring optimum use of macronutrients. In: Proceedings of International symposium on micronutrients, New Delhi, India. pp. 3-17.
    27. Kaur, N., Monga, P.K., Arora, P.K. and Kumar, K. (2015). Effect of micronutrients on leaf composition, fruit quality and yield of Kinnow mandarin. Journal of Applied and Natural Science. 7(2):639-643. 
    28. Kaur, N., Monga, P.K., Thatai, S.K. and Vij, V.K. (2000). Effect of growth regulators on periodical fruit drop in Kinnow mandarin. Haryana Journal of Horticultural Sciences. 29(1 and 2): 39-41.
    29. Lee, L.S. and Chapman, J.C. (1988). Yield and fruit quality response of Ellendale mandarins to different nitrogen and potassium fertilizer rates. Australian Journal of Agriculture. 28: 143-148.
    30. Liu, C.J., Wary, Y., Peng, S. and Lee, J. (2010). A review on effects of mineral nutrients on citrus. China Journal of Soil Science. 41: 2006-2045. 
    31. Malik, R.P., Ahlawat, V.P. and Nain, A.S. (2000). Effect of foliar spray of urea and zinc sulphate on yield and fruit quality of Kinnow- a mandarin hybrid. Haryana Journal of Horticultural Sciences. 29(1/2): 37-38.
    32. Miller, J.E. and Hofman, P.J. (1988). Physiology and nutrition of citrus fruit, growth with special reference to the Valencia: A mini-review. In: Proceedings of 6th International Citrus Congress, Tel Aviv, Israel. pp. 503-510.
    33. Modise, D.M., Likuku, A.S., Thuma, M. and Phuti, R. (2009). The influence of exogenously applied 2, 4- D acid on fruit drop and quality of Navel Oranges (Citrus sinensis L.). African Journal of Biotechnology. 8: 2131- 2137.
    34. Nithin, K.C.J., Rajangam, J., Balakrishnan, K. and Sampath P.M. (2017). Influence of foliar application of micronutrients on yield and quality of mandarin orange (Citrus reticulata blanco.) under lower pulney hills. International Journal of Agriculture Sciences. 9(17): 4151-4153.
    35. Obreza, T.A. (2001). Effect of P and K Fertilization on Young Citrus Growth. Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Florida. pp. 1-3.
    36. Obreza, T.A., Morgan, K.T., Albrigo, L.G. and Boman, B.J. (2008). Recommended fertilizer rates and timing. In: Nutrition of Florida Citrus Trees, 2nd edn. (Eds. Thomas, A., Obreza and Kelly, Morgan, T.), Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Florida. pp. 24-32.
    37. Obreza, T.A., Zekri, M., Hanlon, E.A., Morgan, K., Schumann, A. and Rouse, R. (2010). Soil and Leaf Tissue Testing for Commercial Citrus Production. Cooperative Extension Service, University of Florida, Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Florida. pp. 24-32.
    38. Omaima, M.H. and El-Metwally, I.M. (2007). Efficiency of zinc and potassium sprays alone or in combination with some weed control treatments on weeds growth, yield and fruit quality of Washington Navel orange orchards. Journal of Applies Sciences Research. 3(7): 613-621.
    39. Prasad, H., Prasad, D., Bhan, C., Bairwa, S.K., Babu, S. and Pal, S. (2013). Effect of foliar application of urea, zinc sulphate and 2,4- D on Kinnow mandarin. Journal of Progressive Agriculture. 4(1):148-153.
    40. Rattanpal, H.S., Rani, S., Kumar, A. and Dhaliwal, H.S. (2005). Effect of potassium and 2,4-D sprays on physical parameters of Kinnow fruits. Haryana Journal of Horticultural Sciences, 34(3-4): 222-223.
    41. Reetika, Rana, G.S, Rana, M.K., Prince and Kant, G. (2018). Effect of foliar application of macro and micronutrients on fruit drop and yield of Kinnow Mandarin. International Journal of Pure and Applied Bioscience, 6(2): 1163-1169.
    42. Saleem, M., Ashraf, Y.M., Ashraf, M., Akhtar, M. and Mahmood, K. (2013). Improvement in yield, quality and reduction in fruit drop in Kinnow (Citrus reticulata Blanco) by exogenous application of plant growth regulators, potassium and zinc. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 45: 433-440.
    43. Saleh, M.M.S., Mostafa, E.A.M. and Abd-El-Migeed, M.M.M. (2001). Response of some orange cultivars to different rates of potassium fertilization under sandy soil conditions. Annals of Agricultural Sciences, Ain Shams University. 46: 861-873.
    44. Sangwan, A.K., Rattanpal, H.S., Arora, N.K. and Dalal, R.S. (2008). Effect of foliar application of potassium on fruit yield and quality of Kinnow mandarin. Environment and Ecology. 26(4): 2315-2318.
    45. Sarrwy, S.M.A., El-Sheikh, M.H., Sanna-Kabeil, S. and Shamseldin, A. (2012). Effect of foliar application of different potassium forms supported by zinc on leaf mineral contents, yield and fruit quality of ‘Balady’ mandarin trees. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research. 12(4): 490-498.
    46. Saxena, M. (2018). Horticultural Statistics at a Glance 2018. www.agricoop.nic.in.
    47. Sharma, T., Khan, M.K., Misra, P. and Shukla, P.K. (2012). Micropropagation of Kinnow through nodal explants. The Bioscan. 7(2): 295-297.
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