- Abbasi, A.M., Khan, M.A., Ahmad, M., Zafar, M., Jahan, S., Sultana, S. (2010). Ethnopharmacological application of medicinal plants to cure skin diseases and in folk cosmetics among the tribal communities of North-West Frontier Province, Pakistan J. Ethnopharmacol.128: 322-335.
- Aguoru, C.U., Akombor, A., Olasan, J.O. (2015). Qualitative and Quantitative phytochemical analysis of the leaf, stem bark and root of Bombax ceiba (red silk Cotton Tree) in north central Nigeria. International Journal of Sciences. 4: 37- 41.
- Alluri, V. and Gottumukkala, V. (2005). Assessment of Bioactivity of Indian Medicinal Plants using Brine Shrimp (Artemia salina) Lethality Assay. International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering, 3(2):125 -134.
- Alsayari, A., Ghazwani, M., Dalia, A. (2018). Bombax ceiba: A potential antianxiety drug. Pharmacogn. J. 10(4): 712- 714.
- Anandarajagopal, K., Anbu Jeba Sunilson, J., Ajaykumar, T.V. (2013). In vitro anti-inflammatory evaluation of crude Bombax ceiba extracts. European J of Medicinal Plants. 3(1): 99-104.
- Anonymous. (1985). The Wealth of India, A Dictionary of India Raw Material. Vol. I, CSIR: New Delhi, 20-23.
- Anonymous. (2000). Uses of Bombax ceiba L. National Innovation Foundation of India. Available at http://nif.org.in/BOMBAX -CEIBA-L.
- Anonymous. (2008) Digital Compendium of Forestry Species of Cambodia; www.digitalspecies.blogspot.com;Phnom Penh.
- Antil, V., Sinha, B.N., Pandey, A., Diwan, A., Saini, P. (2013). Bombax malabaricum DC: A salutary Boon. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovations. 3(2): 17-28.
- Barwick, M., Thames and Hudson-Guide. (2004). Tropical and Subtropical Trees- A worldwide Encyclopaedic Guide. London.
- Behera, S.K., Misra, M.K. (2005). Indigenous phytotherapy for genito-urinary diseases used by the Kandha tribe of Orissa, India. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 102: 319-325.
- Bhargava, S., Shah M.B. (2016). Evaluation of hypoglycemic activity of different extracts of Bombax ceiba L. leaves. Research J. Pharmacy and Technology. 9(3): 205-208.
- Brown, Stephen, H. (2011). Red Silk- cotton Tree: Kapok. Gardening Publications A-Z. University of Florida. Available at https:/ /sfyl.ifas.ufl.edu/lee/
- Chaudhary, P.H., Khadabadi, S.S. (2012). Bombax ceiba Linn. Pharmacognosy, Ethanobotany and Phyto-pharmacology. Pharmacognosy Communications. 2(3): 2-9
- Chaudhary, P.H., Rai, P.D., Deore, S.L. (2014). Pharmacognostical and phytochemical studies on roots of Bombax ceiba Linn. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacognosy Research, 2(6): 172-182.
- Chauhan, S., Sharma, A., Upadhyay, N.K., Singh, G. (2018). In vitro proliferation and in vivo anti osteoporotic activity of Bombax ceiba with quantification of Lupeol, gallic acid and beta- sitosterol by HPTLC and HPLC. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 18: 233.
- Dar, A., Faizi, S., Naqvi, S., Roome, T. (2005). Analgesic and antioxidant activity of Mangiferin and its derivatives: the structure activity relationship. Biological Pharmacy Bulletin. 28(4): 596-600.
- Davis, T. A. (1996). Floral structure and stamens in Bombax ceiba L. J. genet. Indian Statistical Institute; Calcutta. 59: 294-328.
- Digge, V.G., Kuthar, S., Hogade, M., Poul, B., Jadge, D. (2015). Screening of Antibacterial Activity of Aqueous Bark Extract of Bombax ceiba against some Gram Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria. American Journal of Phytomedicine and Clinical Therapeutics. 3(07): 551-555.
- Divya, N., Nagamani, J.E., Suma, P. (2012). Antioxidant and antihemolytic activities of Bombax ceiba pentandra spike and fruit extracts. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 4(5): 311-315.
- Elumalai, A., Mathangi, N., Didala, A., Kasarla, R., Venkatesh, Y. (2012). A review on Bombax ceiba pentandra and its medicinal features. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Technology. 2(3): 83-86.
- Gandhare, B., Soni, N., Dhongade, H.J. (2010). In vitro antioxidant activity of Bombax ceiba. International Journal of Biomedical Research. 1(2): 31-36.
- Garg, N., Meena, A., Nain, J. (2011). Evaluation of physicochemical and preliminary phytochemical studies on the toots of Bombax ceiba Linn. International J. of Res in Ayuand Pharm. 2(3): 924-926.
- Ghate, V.S., Agte, V.V., Vartak V.D. (1988). Promising economic potential of shemul (Bombax ceiba L.) as a tuber crop. Indian Journal of Forestry. 11(2): 158-159.
- Ghimire, K., Bastakoti, R.R. (2009). Ethnomedicinal knowledge and healthcare practices among the Tharus of Nawalparasi district in central Nepal. Forest Ecology and Management. 257: 2066-2072.
- Guang Kai, X.U., Xiao-Ying, Q.I.N., Guo-Kai, W.A.N.G. (2017). Antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant effects of standard ethanol extract of Bombax ceiba leaves in high fat diet and streptozotocin type 2 diabetic rats. Chinese J. of Natural Medicine. 15(3): 168-177.
- Haidan, Y., Qianqian, Ma., Li.Ye., Guangchun, P. (2016). The Traditional Medicine and Modern Medicine from Natural Products. Molecules. 21(559): 2-18.
- Hait, M., Goswami, J. (2017). Physicochemical and phytochemical status on flower of Bombax ceiba. Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies. 5(3): 189-192.
- Hakeem, M.A. (2002). Bustan-ul-Mufradat, Idara Kitab-us-Shifa, Koocha Chelan, Darya Ganj, New Delhi, 108.
- Hossain, E., Mandal, S.C., Gupta, J.K. (2011). Phytochemical Screening and In-vivo Antipyretic Activity of the Methanol Leaf-Extract of Bombax malabaricum DC. (Bombacaceae). Tropical J. Pharmaceutical Research. 10: 55-60.
- Iroka, F.C., Okereke, C.N., Okeke, C.U. (2014). Comparative phytochemical and proximate analyses on Ceiba pentandra (L) Gaertn and Bombax buonopozense (P.) Beauv. International Journal of Herbal Medicine. 2(2): 162-167.
- Jabbar, A., Raza, M.A., Iqbal, Z., Khan, M.N. (2006). An inventory of the ethnobotanicals used as anthelmintics in the southern Punjab (Pakistan). J. Ethnopharmacol. 108: 152-154.
- Jahan, I. (2016). Phytochemical and pharmacological investigations of methanol extract of Bombax ceiba root. EWU Institutional Repository.
- Jain, A., Katewa, S.S. (2004). Folk herbal medicines used in birth control and sexual diseases by tribal of southern Rajasthan, India. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 90: 171-177.
- Jain, V., Verma, S.K. (2014). Assessment of credibility of some folk medicinal claim on Bombax ceiba L. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge. 13: 87-94.
- Jain, V., Verma, S.K., Katewa, S.S., Anandjiwala, S., Singh, B. (2011). Free radical scavenging property of Bombax ceiba Linn. Root. Research Journal of Medicinal Plants. 5: 462-470.
- Jain, V., Verma, S.K., Sharma, S.K., Katewa, S.S. (2011). Bombax ceiba Linn: As an umbrella tree species in forests of Southern Rajasthan, Indian. Research J. of Environmental Sciences. 5(8): 722-729.
- Jalalpure, S.S., Gadge, N.B. (2011). Diuretic effects of young fruit extracts of Bombax ceiba L. in rats. Indian J. Pharmaceutical Sciences, 73(3): 306-311.
- Jensen, M. (1999). Trees commonly cultivated in E Asia, FAO Regional Office, Bangkok. Available at http://www.fao.org/ tempref/docrep/fao/005/ac775e/AC775E00.pdf
- Joshi, K.R., Devkota, H.P., Yahara, S. (2013). Chemical analysis of flowers of Bombax ceiba from Nepal. Natural Product Communications. 8(5): 583-584.
- Ken Fern. (2014). Useful Tropical Plant Database. Creative Commons Attribution- Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported License.
- Kosalge, S.B., Fursule, R.A. (2009). Investigation of ethnomedicinal claims of some plants used by tribals of Satpuda Hills in India. J. Ethnopharmacol. 121: 456-461.
- Kshirsagar, R.D., Singh, N.P. (2001). Some less known ethnomedicinal uses from Mysore and Coorg districts, Karnataka state, India. J. Ethnopharmacol. 75: 231-238.
- Manish, M., Wanjari, G.R., Nandan, Y.D. (2016). Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of Bombax ceiba flowers against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Hepatoma Res. 2: 144-50.
- Masood-ur-Rehman, Naveed, A.A., Rehan, M. (2017). Antibacterial and antioxidant potential of stem bark extract of Bombax ceiba collected locally from South Punjab area of Pakistan. African J. Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 14(2): 9-15.
- Mitra, S., Mukherjee, S.K. (2009). Some abortifacient plants used by the tribal people of West Bengal. Natural Product Radiance. 8: 167-171.
- Mollik, M.A.H., Hossain, M.F., Sen, D., Hassan, A.I., Rahman, M.S. (2009). Traditional Asian medicine and leprosy in Bangladesh. Eur. J. Integr. Med. 1: 191-192.
- Nam, N.H., Kim, H.M., Bae, K.H., Ahn, B.Z. (2003). Inhibitory effects of Vietnamese medicinal plants on tube-like formation of human umbilical venous cells. Phytother Res. 17:107-111.
- Namsa, N.D., Tag, H., Mandal, M., Kalita, P., Das, A.K. (2009). An ethnobotanical study of traditional anti-inflammatory plants used by the Lohit community of Arunachal Pradesh, India. J. Ethnopharmacol, 125:234-245.
- Parrotta, J.A. (2001) Healing Plants of Peninsular India. CABI Publishing.
- Raj, V., Peepliwal, A., Lariya, S.K. (2016). Phytochemical and antimicrobial screening of polyherbal formulation for anti- acne activity. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 5(3): 1069-1083.
- Rani, P., Khullar, N. (2004). Antimicrobial evaluation of some medicinal plants for their anti-enteric potential against multi-drug resistant Salmonella typhi. Phytother Res. 18: 670-673.
- Rani, S., Khaleeq, R., Sultana, A. (2016). Ethnomedicinal and pharmacological activities of Mochrus (Bombax ceiba Linn): An overview. TANG. 6(1): 2.1-2.9.
- Reddy, K.N., Reddy, C.S., Raju, V.S. (2008). Ethnomedicinal observations among the Kondareddis of Khammam District, Andhra Pradesh, India. Ethnobotanical Leaflets. 12: 916-26.
- Saleem, R., Ahmad, M., Hussain, S.A., Qazi, A.M. (1999). Hypotensive, hypoglycemic and toxicological studies on the flavonol C-glycoside shamimin from Bombax ceiba. Planta Med. 65: 331-334.
- Saleem, R., Ahmad, S.I., Ahmed, M., Faizi, Z. (2003). Hypotensive activity and toxicology of constituents from Bombax ceiba stem bark. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 26: 41-46.
- Sanjoypal, Shukla, Y. (2002). Herbal medicine: Current status and the future. Asian Pacific J. of Cancer Prevention. 4(4): 281-8.
- Sebastian, M.K., Bhandari, M.M. (1984). Medico-ethno botany of Mount Abu, Rajasthan, India. J. Ethnopharmacol. 12: 223-230.
- Sen, P.K., Sharma, A. (1986). Forest entomological problems in India and their management in the year 2000 AD. Proc. Indian nain. Sci. Acad. B52: 34-147.
- Sharma, A., Daizy, R.B., Singh, H.P. (2017). In vitro Antioxidant Potential of the Edible Flowers of Bombax ceiba- An Underutilized Tropical Tree. 6th International Conference on Recent Trends in Engineering, Science and Management, 364.
- Sharma, H. K., Chhangte, L., Dolui, A.K. (2001). Traditional medicinal plants in Mizoram, India. Fitoterapia. 72: 146-161.
- Sharmin, R., Maruf-ul-Islam, Hasan, M.H. (2018). Antidiabetic and hepatoprotective activities of Bombax ceiba young roots in alloxan induced diabetic mice. Journal of Nutritional Health and Food Science. 6(5): 1-7.
- Singh, A., Chauhan, E.S., Singh, O.P. (2018). Anti-hyperlipidemic effect of Bombax ceiba bark and seeds powder on albino wistar rats. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 7(4): 1259-1276.
- Singh, A.K., Raghubanshi, A.S., Singh, J.S. (2002). Medical ethnobotany of the tribals of Sonaghati of Sonbhadra district, Uttar Pradesh, India. Journal Ethnopharmacol. 81: 31-41.
- Sinha, S., Kumar, B., Singh, D.K., Suaib, L. (2018). Antioxidant and choline esterase inhibitory activity of phenolic rich extracts from Bombax ceiba L. flowers. Free radicles and Antioxidants, 8(2): 135-140.
- Srivastava, K. (2007). Ethnobotanical studies of some important ferns. Ethanobotanical Leaflets. 11:164-172.
- St., Louis. (1994). Flora of China. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Available at https://www.worldcat.org/title/flora-of-china/ oclc/31225309.
- Syed Sadaqat Shah, Syed Salim Shah. (2018). Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activities of red silk cotton tree (Bombax ceiba L.). Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 31(3): 947-952.
- Tetali, P., Waghchaure, C., Daswani, P.G., Anita, N.H., Birdi, T.J. (2009). Ethnobotanical survey of antidiarrheal plants of Parinche valley, Pune district, Maharashtra, India. J Ethnopharmacol. 123: 229-236.
- Upadhyay, B., Parveen, Dhaker, A.K., Kumar, A. (2010). Ethnomedicinal and ethnopharmaco- statistical studies of Eastern Rajasthan, India. J. Ethnopharmacol. 129: 64-86.
- Vaghasiya, Y., Chanda, S. (2009). Screening of same traditionally used Indian plants for antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae. JHMT. 3: 161-164.
- Vasita, A., Bhargava, S. (2014). Effect of different leaf extracts of Bombax ceiba on gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity in albino rats. International J Advanced Research Pharmaceutical and Biosciences, 4(1): 1-7.
- Verma, R., Devre, K., Gangrade, T., Gore, S., Gour, S. (2014). A pharmacognostic and pharmacological overview on Bombax ceiba. Scholars Academic Journal of Pharmacy, 3(2): 100-107.
- Vieira, T.O., Said, A., Aboutable, E., Azzam, M., Creczynski-Pass, T.B. (2009). Antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of Bombax ceiba. Redox Rep. 14(1): 41-6.
- Wahab, S., Hussain, A., Ahmad, P., Usmani, S. (2012). Ethanobotanical, pharmacognostical and physico-chemical studies of stem bark of Bombax ceiba L., commonly growing in eastern Uttar Pradesh region of India. Phcognosy Journal. 4: 32.
- Wahab, S., Hussain, A., Alaul, H.A.F., Md Ahmad, P., Md Hussain, S., Rizvi, A. (2014). In vivo antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity of Bombax ceiba bark- Focusing on its invigorating effects. American Journal of Advanced Drug Delivery, 2(1): 1-13.
- Wang, Y.C., Huang, T.L. (2005). Screening of anti-Helicobacter pylori herbs deriving from Taiwanese folk medicinal plants. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 43: 95-300.
- Yoshimi, N., Matsunaga, K., Katayama, M., Yamada, Y. (2001). The inhibitory effects of mangiferin, a naturally occurring glucosylxanthone, in bowel carcinogenesis of male F344 rats. Cancer Letters. 163:163-170.
- You, Y.J., Nam, N.H., Kim, Y., Bae, K.H., Ahn, B.Z. (2003). Antiangiogenic activity of lupeol from Bombax ceiba. Phytother Res. 7(4): 341-4.
- Yu-Bo, Z., Peng, Wu., Xiao-Li-Zhang, Chao, Xia. (2015). Phenolic compounds from the flowers of Bombax malabaricum and their antioxidant and antiviral activities. Molecule 20(11): 19947-19957.
Submitted Date : 14-09-2019
Accepted Date : 1-06-2021
First Online: