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Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive

Reviewer Article

volume 40 issue 3 (september 2019) : 229-233,   Doi: 10.18805/ag.R-1918

Role of Growing Medium in Yield and Quality of Anthurium: A Review

P
Paramveer Singh
A
Arti Arha
A
Ajay Bhardwaj
1<div style="text-align: justify;">Department of Horticulture (Vegetable and Floriculture),&nbsp;Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour (Bhagalpur), Bihar-813210, India</div>
Cite article:- Singh Paramveer, Arha Arti, Bhardwaj Ajay (2019). Role of Growing Medium in Yield and Quality of Anthurium: A Review. Agricultural Reviews. 40(3): 229-233. doi: 10.18805/ag.R-1918.

ABSTRACT

Anthurium belongs to family Araceae and is highly praised flowering plant for its colourful long lasting unique flower and shining foliage. It is also an excellent plant for interior and as cut flower, especially for flower arrangement. The most suitable part of anthurium is modification of the leaf and botanically known as ‘spathe’. Heart shaped spathe emerges on the long flower stalk with a spadix. This plant blooms almost continuously under suitable conditions. It is epiphytic in nature with climbing, creeping and arboreous stems including many aerial roots that aid in taping water and nourishment. Quality and productivity of anthurium flowers depends on the growing medium. Most of the anthurium growers prepare own their growing media, but they do not know that the low productivity and quality might come from an poor potting mixture that they are using. One of the most important components of anthurium cultivation is the choice of growing substrate or medium. It is known to grow best in a well aerated medium with good water retention capacity and drainage. A good medium needs to be able to anchor the roots and stems so that the plant will not topple over as it grows larger, yet it should provide sufficient moisture, nutrient and aeration to the plant. The objective of this review is to present a summary of the influence of various growing medium on the growth, flowering, productivity and quality of anthurium grown in protected conditions. The results from the literature prove that the productivity of anthurium tends to be more in those plants which grown in different growing medium compared to soil grown plants.

REFERENCES

  1. Ajithkumar, P.V. and Nair, S.R. (1996). Establishment and hardening of in vitro derived plantlets of Anthurium andreanum. Journal of Ornamental Horticulture, 4 (1-2): 9-12.
  2. Aswath, C. and Pillai, P. (2004). Effect of cocopeat medium and electrical conductivity on production of gerbera. Journal of Ornamental Horticulture, 7 (1): 15-22.
  3. Basheer, S.N. and Thekkayam, S.G. (2012). Effect of growing media and organic nutrition on vegetative growth in Anthurium plants (Anthurium andreanum cv. Tropical). Asian Journal of Horticulture, 7(2): 354-358.
  4. Baskar, M. and Saravanan, A. (1997). Effect of coir pith based potting mix and methods of fertilizer application on tomato. Madras Agric J., 84 (8): 476-480.
  5. Bilderback, T.E.; Warren, S.L.; Owen Jr., J.S. and Albano, J.P. (2005). Healthy substrates need physicals too. Hort. Technology, 15: 747–751.
  6. Brown, E.F. and Pokorny, F.A. (1975). Physical and chemical properties of media composed of milled pine bark and sand. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci., 100: 119-121.
  7. Clarson, D.; Ramaswamy, P.P. and SreeRamulu, U.S. (1983). Efficient utilization of farm and industrial based waste materials for reclamation of saline sodic soils. In: Proceeding National seminar on utilization of organic wastes. AC and RI, Madurai, pp. 117-119.
  8. Dhananjaya, M.V. and Sulladmath, V.V. (2003). Assessment of substrate media among tissue culture derived plants of Anthurium andreanum cultivar ‘Singapore Hybrid’. Journal of Ornamental Horticulture, 6 (4): 310-315.
  9. Freitas, R. M. O., Silva Neto, R. V.; Dombroski, J. L. D.; Nogueira, N. W. and Camara, F. A. (2010). Test of different substrates for growing seedlings of anthurium affin Schott. Green Journal of Agroecology and Sustainable Development, 5 (1): 96-100.
  10. Ganait, S. and Mandal, N. (2010). Tissue culture of Anthurium andreanum: A significant review and future prospective. International Journal of Botany, 6(3): 207-219.
  11. Gantait, S.; Mandal, N.; Bhattacharyya, S. and Das, P.K. (2008). In vitro mass multiplication with pure genetic identity in Anthurium andreanum L. Plant Tissue Culture Biotech, 18:113-122.
  12. Goh, K.M. and Haynes, R.J. (1977). Evaluation of potting media for commercial nursery production of container grown plants. New Zealand J. Agric. Res., 20: 363-370. 
  13. Gowda, C.J.V.N. and Ramakrishna, B.M. (2009). Evaluation and effect of growing media, biofertilizers and growth regulator on growth and flowering in anthurium. Book of abstract, National Conference on Floriculture for Livelihood and Profitability on 16-19 March, 2009 at IARI, New Delhi, pp. 1-5.
  14. Gowda, C.J.V.N.; Gowda, M.C. and Gowda, A.P.M. (2005). Standardization of growing media for flower production and flower characteristics in anthurium cv. ‘Lady Jane’. Crop Research, 30 (3): 414-41.
  15. Grigatti, M.; Giorgioni, M. E.; Cavani, L. and Ciavatta, C. (2007). Vactor analysis in the study of the nutritional status of Philodendron cultivated in compost-based. Scientia Horticulturae, 112: 448-455. 
  16. Grunert, O.; Perneel, M. and Vandaele, S. (2008). Peat-based organic growbags as a solution to the mineral wool waste problem. Mires and Peat, 3: 1–5.
  17. Guminska, Z.; Graoz, N.M.; Lukasiewicz, B. and Slawska, M. (1973). The suitability of brown coal from Turow and Konin mines as a substrate in hydroponic culture. Acta Agrobotanica, 26 (1): 63-88.
  18. Higaki, T. and Imamura, J.S. (1985).Volcanic black cinder as a medium for growing anthuriums. Hort. Science, 20 (2): 298-300.
  19. Higaki, T. and Poole, R.T. (1978). A media and fertilizer study in anthurium cv. Ozaki Red. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci., 103 (1): 98-100.
  20. Holcroft, D.M. and Laing, M.D. (1995).  Evaluation of pine bark as a substrate for anthurium production in South-Africa. Acta Horticultrae,  401 : 177-184.
  21. Jaruis, B.R.; Calkins, J.B. and Swanson, B.T. (1996). Composted and rubber type chips as peat substitutes in nursery container media: effects of chemical and physical media properties. Journal of Environmental Horticulture, 14 (3): 122-129.
  22. Jawaharlal, M; PremJoshua, J.; Arumugam, T.; Subramanian, S. and Vijaykumar, M. (2001). Standardization of growing media for anthurium (Anthurium andreanum) cv. ‘Temptation’ under shade net house. South Indian Horticulture, 49: 323-325.
  23. Kalirana, K and Dubey, P. (2009). Effect of some substrate mixtures on growth and flower production in anthurium grown under protected structure with partially controlled environmental condition. Book of Abstract, National Conference on Floriculture for Livelihood and Profitability on 16-19 March, 2009 at IARI, New Delhi, pp. 132-133.
  24. Mastouri, F., Hassandokht, M. R., Padasht Dehkaei, M. N. (2005).The effect of application of agricultural waste compost on growing media and greenhouse lettuce yield. Acta Horticulturae, 697: 153–158.
  25. Meerow, A.W. (1994). The potential of coir (coconut mesocarp pith) as a peat substitute in container media. Hort. Science, 29 (5): 237-239.
  26. Nair, A.; Ngouajio, M. and Biernbaum J. (2011). Alfalfa-based organic amendment in peat-compost growing medium for organic tomato transplant production. Hort Science, 46: 253–259.
  27. Nikolova, N. and Zafirova, P. (1980). Use of different substrates in Anthurium andreanum growing. Nauchnitrudove, Vissh-Selskostopanski Institute, Vasilkolasov, 25 (2): 99-103.
  28. Nowbuth, R. (2001). Alternate substrates for anthurium production. AMAS 2001, Food and Agricultural Research Council, Reduit, Mauritius, pp. 45-51. 
  29. Pawar, G.M.; Patil, M.T. and Gaikwad, A.M. (2006). Effect of different substrates on Anthurium andreanum. Abstract of National Symposium on Ornamental Bulbous Crops on 5-6 December, 2006, SVBPUAT, Meerut, pp. 54.
  30. Pinamonti, F.; Zanella, T. and Zorzi, G. (1997). Composts and jute sacks for soilless cultivation. Informatore Agario, 52: 38-46.
  31. Ramaswamy, P.P. and Kotharadaraman, G.V. (1985). Role of coir pith on yield and uptake of rice in a sodic soil. Proceeding Workshop on Coir Research, Coir house, Cochin
  32. Ramaswamy, P.P.; SreeRamulu, U.S. and Kothandaraman, G.V. (1983). Coir and sugar factory wastes in the reclamation of sodic soils. In: Proceeding of National Seminar on Utilization of Organic Wastes, AC and RI, Madurai, pp. 120-122.
  33. Riaz, R.; Arshad, M., Younis, A.; Raza, A. and Hameed, M. (2008). Effect of different growing media on growth and flowering of Zinnia elegans Cv. ‘Blue point’.Pak. J. Bot., 40 (4): 1579-1585.
  34. Saravanan, A. and Baskar, M. (1997). Changes in the properties of the potting medium and yield of vegetable cowpea as influenced by coir pith and methods of fertilizer application. Madras Agriculture Journal, 84 (8): 471-475.
  35. Saravanan, A. and Nambisan, K. M. P. (1995). Uttilization of coir pith as pot culture medium for Begonia semperflorens. Madras Agriculture Journal, 82 (11): 587-589.
  36. Schmilewski, G. (2009). Growing medium constituents used in the EU. Acta Horticulturae, 819:3345.
  37. Sindhu, S.S.; Gholap, D.B. and Singh, M. R. (2008). Effect of media amendment on physico-chemical properties and leaf nutrient concentration on gerbera cv. ‘Tesrina’. In: Book of Abstracts, National Symposium on Recent Advances in Floriculture on 4-6 March, 2008 at NAU, Navsari, Gujarat, pp. 53.
  38. Singh, P., Dhaduk, B. K. and Chawla, S. L. (2011). Standardization of growing medium for anthurium cv. Flame under protected conditions. Indian Journal of Horticulture, 68 (1): 86-90.
  39. Song-Cheon Young; Park-Jinmyeon; Choi-JongMyung; Bang-Changseok and Lee-Jeongsik (1996). Effect of composted rice hull on physico- chemical properties of growing media and growth of Petunia hybrida. Journal of the Korean Society for Horticultural Science,37 (3): 451-454.
  40. Srinivasa, V. (2006). Effect of media on growth and flowering of Anthurium andreanum. Environment and Ecology, 24 (Special 2): 257-259.
  41. Turski, R.M.; Flis-Bujak, M. and Martyn, W. (1983). Effect of different contents of organic matter on substrate properties and growth of Anthurium andreanum. Praceistitutu Sadownictwa, Kwiaciarstwawskierniewlcach, 8: 123-132.
  42. Vaughn, S. F.; Deppe, N. A.; Palmquist, D. E. and Berhow, M. A. (2011). Extracted sweet corn tassels as a renewable alternative to peat in greenhouse substrates. Industrial Crops and Products, 33: 514–517.
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    Reviewer Article

    volume 40 issue 3 (september 2019) : 229-233,   Doi: 10.18805/ag.R-1918

    Role of Growing Medium in Yield and Quality of Anthurium: A Review

    P
    Paramveer Singh
    A
    Arti Arha
    A
    Ajay Bhardwaj
    1<div style="text-align: justify;">Department of Horticulture (Vegetable and Floriculture),&nbsp;Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour (Bhagalpur), Bihar-813210, India</div>
    Cite article:- Singh Paramveer, Arha Arti, Bhardwaj Ajay (2019). Role of Growing Medium in Yield and Quality of Anthurium: A Review. Agricultural Reviews. 40(3): 229-233. doi: 10.18805/ag.R-1918.

    ABSTRACT

    Anthurium belongs to family Araceae and is highly praised flowering plant for its colourful long lasting unique flower and shining foliage. It is also an excellent plant for interior and as cut flower, especially for flower arrangement. The most suitable part of anthurium is modification of the leaf and botanically known as ‘spathe’. Heart shaped spathe emerges on the long flower stalk with a spadix. This plant blooms almost continuously under suitable conditions. It is epiphytic in nature with climbing, creeping and arboreous stems including many aerial roots that aid in taping water and nourishment. Quality and productivity of anthurium flowers depends on the growing medium. Most of the anthurium growers prepare own their growing media, but they do not know that the low productivity and quality might come from an poor potting mixture that they are using. One of the most important components of anthurium cultivation is the choice of growing substrate or medium. It is known to grow best in a well aerated medium with good water retention capacity and drainage. A good medium needs to be able to anchor the roots and stems so that the plant will not topple over as it grows larger, yet it should provide sufficient moisture, nutrient and aeration to the plant. The objective of this review is to present a summary of the influence of various growing medium on the growth, flowering, productivity and quality of anthurium grown in protected conditions. The results from the literature prove that the productivity of anthurium tends to be more in those plants which grown in different growing medium compared to soil grown plants.

    REFERENCES

    1. Ajithkumar, P.V. and Nair, S.R. (1996). Establishment and hardening of in vitro derived plantlets of Anthurium andreanum. Journal of Ornamental Horticulture, 4 (1-2): 9-12.
    2. Aswath, C. and Pillai, P. (2004). Effect of cocopeat medium and electrical conductivity on production of gerbera. Journal of Ornamental Horticulture, 7 (1): 15-22.
    3. Basheer, S.N. and Thekkayam, S.G. (2012). Effect of growing media and organic nutrition on vegetative growth in Anthurium plants (Anthurium andreanum cv. Tropical). Asian Journal of Horticulture, 7(2): 354-358.
    4. Baskar, M. and Saravanan, A. (1997). Effect of coir pith based potting mix and methods of fertilizer application on tomato. Madras Agric J., 84 (8): 476-480.
    5. Bilderback, T.E.; Warren, S.L.; Owen Jr., J.S. and Albano, J.P. (2005). Healthy substrates need physicals too. Hort. Technology, 15: 747–751.
    6. Brown, E.F. and Pokorny, F.A. (1975). Physical and chemical properties of media composed of milled pine bark and sand. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci., 100: 119-121.
    7. Clarson, D.; Ramaswamy, P.P. and SreeRamulu, U.S. (1983). Efficient utilization of farm and industrial based waste materials for reclamation of saline sodic soils. In: Proceeding National seminar on utilization of organic wastes. AC and RI, Madurai, pp. 117-119.
    8. Dhananjaya, M.V. and Sulladmath, V.V. (2003). Assessment of substrate media among tissue culture derived plants of Anthurium andreanum cultivar ‘Singapore Hybrid’. Journal of Ornamental Horticulture, 6 (4): 310-315.
    9. Freitas, R. M. O., Silva Neto, R. V.; Dombroski, J. L. D.; Nogueira, N. W. and Camara, F. A. (2010). Test of different substrates for growing seedlings of anthurium affin Schott. Green Journal of Agroecology and Sustainable Development, 5 (1): 96-100.
    10. Ganait, S. and Mandal, N. (2010). Tissue culture of Anthurium andreanum: A significant review and future prospective. International Journal of Botany, 6(3): 207-219.
    11. Gantait, S.; Mandal, N.; Bhattacharyya, S. and Das, P.K. (2008). In vitro mass multiplication with pure genetic identity in Anthurium andreanum L. Plant Tissue Culture Biotech, 18:113-122.
    12. Goh, K.M. and Haynes, R.J. (1977). Evaluation of potting media for commercial nursery production of container grown plants. New Zealand J. Agric. Res., 20: 363-370. 
    13. Gowda, C.J.V.N. and Ramakrishna, B.M. (2009). Evaluation and effect of growing media, biofertilizers and growth regulator on growth and flowering in anthurium. Book of abstract, National Conference on Floriculture for Livelihood and Profitability on 16-19 March, 2009 at IARI, New Delhi, pp. 1-5.
    14. Gowda, C.J.V.N.; Gowda, M.C. and Gowda, A.P.M. (2005). Standardization of growing media for flower production and flower characteristics in anthurium cv. ‘Lady Jane’. Crop Research, 30 (3): 414-41.
    15. Grigatti, M.; Giorgioni, M. E.; Cavani, L. and Ciavatta, C. (2007). Vactor analysis in the study of the nutritional status of Philodendron cultivated in compost-based. Scientia Horticulturae, 112: 448-455. 
    16. Grunert, O.; Perneel, M. and Vandaele, S. (2008). Peat-based organic growbags as a solution to the mineral wool waste problem. Mires and Peat, 3: 1–5.
    17. Guminska, Z.; Graoz, N.M.; Lukasiewicz, B. and Slawska, M. (1973). The suitability of brown coal from Turow and Konin mines as a substrate in hydroponic culture. Acta Agrobotanica, 26 (1): 63-88.
    18. Higaki, T. and Imamura, J.S. (1985).Volcanic black cinder as a medium for growing anthuriums. Hort. Science, 20 (2): 298-300.
    19. Higaki, T. and Poole, R.T. (1978). A media and fertilizer study in anthurium cv. Ozaki Red. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci., 103 (1): 98-100.
    20. Holcroft, D.M. and Laing, M.D. (1995).  Evaluation of pine bark as a substrate for anthurium production in South-Africa. Acta Horticultrae,  401 : 177-184.
    21. Jaruis, B.R.; Calkins, J.B. and Swanson, B.T. (1996). Composted and rubber type chips as peat substitutes in nursery container media: effects of chemical and physical media properties. Journal of Environmental Horticulture, 14 (3): 122-129.
    22. Jawaharlal, M; PremJoshua, J.; Arumugam, T.; Subramanian, S. and Vijaykumar, M. (2001). Standardization of growing media for anthurium (Anthurium andreanum) cv. ‘Temptation’ under shade net house. South Indian Horticulture, 49: 323-325.
    23. Kalirana, K and Dubey, P. (2009). Effect of some substrate mixtures on growth and flower production in anthurium grown under protected structure with partially controlled environmental condition. Book of Abstract, National Conference on Floriculture for Livelihood and Profitability on 16-19 March, 2009 at IARI, New Delhi, pp. 132-133.
    24. Mastouri, F., Hassandokht, M. R., Padasht Dehkaei, M. N. (2005).The effect of application of agricultural waste compost on growing media and greenhouse lettuce yield. Acta Horticulturae, 697: 153–158.
    25. Meerow, A.W. (1994). The potential of coir (coconut mesocarp pith) as a peat substitute in container media. Hort. Science, 29 (5): 237-239.
    26. Nair, A.; Ngouajio, M. and Biernbaum J. (2011). Alfalfa-based organic amendment in peat-compost growing medium for organic tomato transplant production. Hort Science, 46: 253–259.
    27. Nikolova, N. and Zafirova, P. (1980). Use of different substrates in Anthurium andreanum growing. Nauchnitrudove, Vissh-Selskostopanski Institute, Vasilkolasov, 25 (2): 99-103.
    28. Nowbuth, R. (2001). Alternate substrates for anthurium production. AMAS 2001, Food and Agricultural Research Council, Reduit, Mauritius, pp. 45-51. 
    29. Pawar, G.M.; Patil, M.T. and Gaikwad, A.M. (2006). Effect of different substrates on Anthurium andreanum. Abstract of National Symposium on Ornamental Bulbous Crops on 5-6 December, 2006, SVBPUAT, Meerut, pp. 54.
    30. Pinamonti, F.; Zanella, T. and Zorzi, G. (1997). Composts and jute sacks for soilless cultivation. Informatore Agario, 52: 38-46.
    31. Ramaswamy, P.P. and Kotharadaraman, G.V. (1985). Role of coir pith on yield and uptake of rice in a sodic soil. Proceeding Workshop on Coir Research, Coir house, Cochin
    32. Ramaswamy, P.P.; SreeRamulu, U.S. and Kothandaraman, G.V. (1983). Coir and sugar factory wastes in the reclamation of sodic soils. In: Proceeding of National Seminar on Utilization of Organic Wastes, AC and RI, Madurai, pp. 120-122.
    33. Riaz, R.; Arshad, M., Younis, A.; Raza, A. and Hameed, M. (2008). Effect of different growing media on growth and flowering of Zinnia elegans Cv. ‘Blue point’.Pak. J. Bot., 40 (4): 1579-1585.
    34. Saravanan, A. and Baskar, M. (1997). Changes in the properties of the potting medium and yield of vegetable cowpea as influenced by coir pith and methods of fertilizer application. Madras Agriculture Journal, 84 (8): 471-475.
    35. Saravanan, A. and Nambisan, K. M. P. (1995). Uttilization of coir pith as pot culture medium for Begonia semperflorens. Madras Agriculture Journal, 82 (11): 587-589.
    36. Schmilewski, G. (2009). Growing medium constituents used in the EU. Acta Horticulturae, 819:3345.
    37. Sindhu, S.S.; Gholap, D.B. and Singh, M. R. (2008). Effect of media amendment on physico-chemical properties and leaf nutrient concentration on gerbera cv. ‘Tesrina’. In: Book of Abstracts, National Symposium on Recent Advances in Floriculture on 4-6 March, 2008 at NAU, Navsari, Gujarat, pp. 53.
    38. Singh, P., Dhaduk, B. K. and Chawla, S. L. (2011). Standardization of growing medium for anthurium cv. Flame under protected conditions. Indian Journal of Horticulture, 68 (1): 86-90.
    39. Song-Cheon Young; Park-Jinmyeon; Choi-JongMyung; Bang-Changseok and Lee-Jeongsik (1996). Effect of composted rice hull on physico- chemical properties of growing media and growth of Petunia hybrida. Journal of the Korean Society for Horticultural Science,37 (3): 451-454.
    40. Srinivasa, V. (2006). Effect of media on growth and flowering of Anthurium andreanum. Environment and Ecology, 24 (Special 2): 257-259.
    41. Turski, R.M.; Flis-Bujak, M. and Martyn, W. (1983). Effect of different contents of organic matter on substrate properties and growth of Anthurium andreanum. Praceistitutu Sadownictwa, Kwiaciarstwawskierniewlcach, 8: 123-132.
    42. Vaughn, S. F.; Deppe, N. A.; Palmquist, D. E. and Berhow, M. A. (2011). Extracted sweet corn tassels as a renewable alternative to peat in greenhouse substrates. Industrial Crops and Products, 33: 514–517.
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