Banner
Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First Articles
Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First Articles
Agricultural Reviews
Print ISSN: 0253-1496
Online ISSN: 0976-0741
NASS Rating
4.84

Chief Editor:
Pradeep K. Sharma
Sher-e-Kashmir Uni. of Agri. Sciences and Technology, J&K, INDIA
Frequency:Bi-monthly
Indexing:
AGRICOLA, Google Scholar, CrossRef, CAB Abstracting Journals, Chemical Abstracts, Indian Science Abs...

Research Article

Agricultural Reviews, volume 38 issue 4 (december 2017) : 245-259

Weed management options in transgenic stacked and non transgenic maize (Zea mays) hybrids-A review

K. Sivagamy, C. Chinnusamy, P. Parasuraman
1Centre of Excellence in Millets, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Athiyandal-606 603, Tamil Nadu, India.
Cite article:- Sivagamy K., Chinnusamy C., Parasuraman P. (2017). Weed management options in transgenic stacked and non transgenicmaize (Zea mays) hybrids-A review. Agricultural Reviews. 38(4): 245-259. doi: 10.18805/ag.R-1671.

ABSTRACT

Weeds are generally hardy species having fast growth, deep root system and capable of competing very efficiently with cultivated crops for the available resources and adversely affect the crop growth and yield. Weed management systems that rely on post emergence control assume that crops can tolerate competition for certain periods of time without suffering yield losses. Initial slow growth particularly at early crop growth stages and wider plant spacing of maize crop encourages fast and vigorous growth of weeds. It is of paramount importance that, competition from weeds must be minimized to achieve optimum yield. Among the different weed control methods, chemical method bears many advantages in suppressing weed growth and to get healthy and vigorous crop stand. Non-selective herbicide molecules with a variety of mode of action were discovered, developed and marketed for successful weed control programme. 

REFERENCES

  1. Abouziena, H.F., El-Metwally I.M. and El-Desoki. E.R. (2008). Effect of plant spacing and weed control treatments on maize yield and associated weeds in sandy soils. American-Eurasian J. Agric. Environ Sci., 4(1): 9-17.
  2. Amador Ramirez, M.D. (1995). Interference of weeds in maize in Zacatecas. Interferencia de maleza en maiy en Zacatecas. Agricultural Technica en Mexico, 21(1): 17-28.
  3. Anderson, R.L. (2000). Cultural systems to aid weed management in semi arid corn (Zea mays). Weed Technol., 14: 630-634.
  4. Arulmani, S. (2010). To study the Integrated Weed Management practices in irrigated maize, M.Sc. (Ag.) Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
  5. Bakhtiar, G., Marwat K.B., Hassan G., Khan A., Hashim S. and Khan I.A. (2009). Impact of tillage, plant population and mulches on biological yield of maize. Pak. J. Bot., 41: 2243-2249.
  6. Balasubramanian, R. and Veerabadran. V. (1998). Continuous application of same herbicides on weeds and grain yield of lowland rice. Pestology, 30 (1): 26-28.
  7. Benbrook, C.M. (2004). Genetically engineered crops and pesticide use in the United States: the ûrst nine years. Technical Paper No. 7. BioTech InfoNet.
  8. Bradshaw, L.D., Padgette S.R., Kimball S.L. and Wells. B.H. (1997). Perspectives on glyphosate resistance. Weed Technol., 11: 189-198.
  9. Brookes, G. and Barfoot P. (2008). Global impact of biotech crops: Socio-economic and environmental effects. 1996–2006. Ag. Bio. Forum, 11:21-38.
  10. Burnside, O. and Wicks. G. (1980). Atrazine carryover in soil in a reduced tillage crop production system. Weed Sci., 28: 661-666.
  11. Capel, P.D. and Larson S.J. (2001). Effect of scale on the behaviour of atrazine in surface waters. Environ Sci & Technol., 35 (4): 648-657.
  12. Carey, J.B. and Kells. J.I. 1995. Timing of total post emergence herbicide applications to maximize weed control and corn (Zea mays) yield. Weed Technol., 9: 356-361.
  13. Castro, J.V., Peralba M.C.R. and Ayub. M.A.Z. (2007). Biodegradation of the herbicide glyphosate by filamentous fungi in platform shaker and batch bioreactor. J. Environ. Sci. Health., 42: 883–886.
  14. Cavero, J., Zaragoza C., Suso M.L. and Pardo A. (1999). Competition between maize and Datura Stramonium in an irrigated field under semi-arid conditions. Weed Research, 39: 225-240
  15. Chakor, I.S. and Awasthi. (1983). Cultural-cum chemical weed control in maize under rainfed conditions of Himachal Pradesh. Indian J. Weed Sci., 15(1): 65-68.
  16. Chalka, M.K. and Nepalia V. 2006. Nutrient uptake appraisal of maize intercropped with legumes and associated weeds under the influence of weed control. Indian J. Agric. Res., 40(2): 86-91.
  17. Chikoye, D., Udensi U.E. and Lum. A.F. (2005). Evaluation of a new formulation of atrazine and metolachlor mixture for weed control in maize in Nigeria. Crop Protection, 24: 1016-1020.
  18. Chopra, P. and Angiras N.N. (2008). Effect of tillage and weed management on productivity and nutrient uptake of maize (Zea mays). Indian J. Agron., 53(1): 66-69.
  19. Clay, P.A. and Griffin J.L. (2000). Weed seed production and seedling emergence responses to late-season glyphosate applications. Weed Sci., 48: 481–486. 
  20. Cox, W.J., Hahn R.R. and P.J. Stachowski. P.J. (2006). Time of weed removal with glyphosate affects corn growth and yield components. Agron. J., 98: 349-353.
  21. Cox, W.J., Hahn R.R., Stachowski P.S. and Cherney J.H. (2005). Weed interference and glyphosate timing affect corn forage yield and quality. Agron. J., 97: 847-853.
  22. Dalley, C.D., Kells J.J. and Renner K. (2004). Effect of glyphosate timing and row spacing on corn (Zea mays) and soybean (Glycine max) yields. Weed Technol., 18: 165-176.
  23. Duke, S.O. 2005. Taking stock of herbicide-resistant crops ten years after introduction. Pest Manag. Sci., 61: 211-218.
  24. Duke, S.O. and Cerdeira A.L. (2009). Transgenic crops for herbicide resistance. Transgenic Crop Plants 2: Utilization and Biosafety, 2: 133.
  25. Erickson, G., Robbins N., Simon J., Berger L., Klopfenstein T., Stanisiewski E. and Hartnell G.. (2003). Effect of feeding glyphosate-    tolerant (Roundup-Ready events GA21 or NK603) corn compared with reference hybrids on feedlot steer performance and carcass characteristics. J. of Animal Sci., 81:2600.
  26. Evans, S.P., Knezevic S.Z., Lindquist J.L., Shapiro C.A. and Blankenship E.E. (2003). Nitrogen application influences the critical period for weed control in corn. Weed Sci., 51: 408-417.
  27. Ferrell, J.A. and Witt W.W. (2002). Comparison of glyphosate with other herbicides for weed control in corn (Zea mays): efûcacy and economics. Weed Technol., 16: 701-706.
  28. Gardner, J.G and Nelson G.C. (2008). Herbicides, glyphosate resistance and acute mammalian toxicity: Simulating an environmental effect of glyphosate-resistant weeds in the USA. Pest Manag. Sci., 64 (4): 470-478.
  29. Ghassemi, M., Quinlivan S. and Dellarco M. (1982). Environmental effects of new herbicides for vegetation control in forestry. Environ. Int., 7: 389-401.
  30. Ghodralollah, F. (2005). Integrated weed management in corn (Zea mays L.). Crop Res., 29(1): 40-46. 
  31. Gianessi, L.P. (2008). Economic impacts of glyphosate-resistant crops. Pest Manag. Sci., 64 (4): 346-352.
  32. Govindra Singh and Ram Prasad. (1994). Studies on the control of Trianthema portulacastrum L. in fodder maize. Indian J. Weed Sci., 26(1&2): 64-67.
  33. Gower, S.A., Loux M.M., Cardina J. and Harrison S.K. (2002). Effect of planting date, residual herbicides and post emergence application timing on weed control and grain yield in glyphosate tolerant corn. Weed Technol., 16: 488-494.
  34. Gower, S.A., Loux M.M., Cardina J., Harrison S.K., Sprankle P.L., Probst N.J.,Bauman T.T. , Bugg W., Curran W.S., Currie R.S., Harvey R.G., Johnson W.G., Kells J.J.,. Owen M.K, Regehr D.L., Slack C.H., Spaur M., Sprague C.L., Vangessel M., and Young B.G.. (2003). Effect of post emergence glyphosate application timing on weed control and grain yield in glyphosate-resistant corn: results of a 2-yr multistate study. Weed Technol., 17:821-828.
  35. Hans, S.R. and Johnson W.G.. (2002). Influence of Shattercane (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Interference on Corn (Zea mays L.) Yield and Nitrogen Accumulation. Weed Technol., 16:787-791.
  36. Hassan, A.A.A. and Ahmed M.K.A.. (2005). The influence of some herbicides and additional hoeing in maize growth and yield and yield components. Intl. J. Agric. Bio., 7(5): 708-711.
  37. Hellwig, K.B., Johnson W.G. and Scharf P.C. (2002). Grass weeds interference and nitrogen accumulation in no-tillage corn. Weed Sci., 50: 757-762.
  38. Hetherington, P.R., Reynolds T.L., Marshall G. and Kirkwood R.C.. (1999). The absorption, translocation and distribution of the herbicide glyphosate in maize expressing the CP-4 transgene. J. Exp. Bot., 50: 1567-1576.
  39. Hilgenfeld, K.L., Martin A.R., Mortensen D.A. and Mason S.C. (2004). Weed management in a glyphosate resistant soybean system: Weed species shifts. Weed Technol., 18: 284-291.
  40. Hosmani, M.M. (1976). Evapotranspiration losses in sorghum and maize infested by weeds. In: Program and Abstr. Paper weed sci. Conf. and workshop in Univ.of Agric.Sci.Bangalore,India.107: 64-65.
  41. Hoveland, C.S., Buchanan G.A. and Harris M.C. (1976). Response of weed to soil phosphorus and potassium. Weed Sci., 24(3): 194-201.
  42. Iremiraon, G.O., Khu Omoregbee D.O., Oserogho E. and Odile E.O. (2001). Influence of weed competition and fertilizer application on soil nutrient and performance of weeds and maize. Plant nutrition. p 165-190.
  43. Irvine, C. and V. Radboud. (2000). Research on weed control using animal power undertaken by the Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Zimbabwe. In: Animal Power for Weed Control. A resource book of the Animal traction Network for Eastern and Southern Africa (ATNESA), Wageningen, The Netherlands. p 74-79.
  44. Ishaya, D.B., Tunku P. and Kuchinda N.C. (2007). Evaluation of some weed control treatments for long season weed control in maize (Zea mays L.) under zero tillage at Samaru, I Nigeria. J. of crop protection, 27 (7): 1047-1051
  45. Isik, D., Mennan H., Bukun B., Oz A. and Ngouajio M. (2006). The Critical Period for Weed Control in Corn in Turkey. Weed Technol., 20: 867-872.
  46. Jacob, W. (2003). Applying plant population ecology - Increasing the supression of weeds by cereal crops. J. Agron., 2 (4): 8-10.
  47. James, C. (2007). Global status of commercialized biotech/GM crops. In: ISAAA Brief No. 37. Ithaca, NY.
  48. James, C. (2008). Global status of commercialized biotech/GM crops. In: ISAAA Brief No. 39. Ithaca, NY.
  49. James, C. (2009). Global Status of Commercialized Biotech/GM Crops. In: ISAAA Brief No.41. ISAAA: Ithaca, NY.
  50. James, T.K., Rahman A., Mellsop J. and Zydenbos S.M. (2000). Weed competition in maize crop under different timings for post emergence weed control. In: Proc. of a Conference, Commodere Hotel, Christ church, New Zealand 8-10 August, 2000. pp. 269-272.
  51. Jeschke, M.R. and Stoltenberg D.E. (2006). Weed community composition after eight years of continuous glyphosate use in a corn–    soybean annual rotation. In: Proc. North Cent. Weed Sci., Soc. 58, 59.
  52. Johnson, W.G., Bradley P.R., Hart S.E., Buesinger M.L. and Massey R.E. (2000). Efficacy and Economics of Weed Management in Glyphosate-Resistant Corn (Zea mays) Weed Technol., 14:57-65.
  53. Kamble, T.C., Kakade S.U., Nemade S.U. , Pawar R.V. and Apotikar V.A. (2005). An integrated weed management in hybrid maize. Crop Res., 29(3): 396-400.
  54. Kandasamy, O.S. and Chandrasekhar C.N. (1998). Competitive efficacy of chemical and mechanical methods of weed management in rainfed maize (Zea mays L.). Indian J. Weed Sci., 30(3/4): 201-203 
  55. Kapusta, G., Kraus R.E., Khan M. and Matthews J.L. (1995). The effect of nicosuifuron rate, adjuvant and weed size on annual weed control in corn (Zea mays). Weed Technol., 8(3): 696-702.
  56. Khan, M.A., Marwat K.B. Khan N. and Khan I.A. (2003). Efficacy of different herbicides on the yield and yield components of maize. Asian J. Plant Sci., 2(3): 300-304.
  57. Knezevic, S.Z., Evans S.P. Blankenship E.E. Vanacker R.C. and Lindquist J.L. (2002). Critical period for weed control: the concept and data analysis. Weed Sci., 50: 773-786.
  58. Kremer, J.R. and N.E. Means. (2009). Glyphosate and glyphosate-resistant crop interactions with rhizosphere microorganisms. Eur. J. Agron., 31(3): 153-161.
  59. Kropff, M.J., Vossen F.J.H, Spitters C.T.T. and De Groot W.. (1984). Competition between maize crop and a natural population of Echinochloa crusgalli. Netherlands J. Agric. Sci., 32(4): 324-327
  60. Krzysko-Lupicka, T. and Sudol T. (2008). Interactions between glyphosate and autochthonous soil fungi surviving in aqueous solution of glyphosate. Chemosphere, 71(7): 1386-1391.
  61. Kumar, B. (2007). Effect of nitrogen and plant population levels on competition of maize (Zea mays L.) with weeds. Indian J. Weed Sci., 35(1&2): 53-56.
  62. Lima, M., Silva P., Oliveira O., Silva K.and Freitas F. 2010. Corn yield response to weed and fall armyworm controls. Planta Daninha, 28: (2) 103-111.
  63. Mahmoodi, S. and Rahimi A. (2009). Estimation of critical period for weed control in corn in Iran. World Acad. Sci. Eng. Technol., 49:67-72.
  64. Malviya, A. and Singh B.(2007). Weed dynamics, productivity and economics of maize (Zea mays) as affected by integrated weed management under rainfed condition. Indian J. Agron., 52(4): 321- 324. 
  65. Mannan, H., Isik D., Bukan B. and Ngouajiro M. (2006). The critical period for weed control in corn in Turkey. Weed Technol., 20: 867-872.
  66. Maqsood, M., Akbar M., Nadeem Yousaf, M.T. Mahmood and Shamim Ahmed. (1999). Studies on Weed-Crop Competition in Maize. Indian J. Agri. Biol., 1: 4.
  67. Means, N.E., Kremer R.J. and Ramsier C. (2007). Effects of glyphosate and foliar amendments on activity of microorganisms in the soybean rhizosphere. J. Environ. Sci. Health B., 42: 125–132.
  68. Meriles, J.M., Vargas Gil S., Haro R., March G.J. and Guzman C.A. (2006). Glyphosate and previous crop residue effect on deleterious and beneficial soil-borne fungi from a peanut-corn soyabean rotations. J. Phytopath., 154: 309–316.
  69. Meyyappan, M. and Kathiresan R.M. (2005). Integrated weed management in maize + blackgram intercropping system. Indian J. Weed Sci., 37(3&4): 209-211. 
  70. Mishra, J.S. and Singh V.P.(2009). Weed dynamics and productivity of soybean (Glycine max) based cropping systems as influenced by tillage and weed management. Indian J. Agron., 54(3): 189-194.
  71. Momirovie, N., Sinzar B., Stefanovic L. and Maillet J.(1998). Effect of Conservation tillage and herbicide application on weeds and yield of maize in a double cropping system. In: Comptes rendus symposium Mediterraneen EWRS, Montpellier, France 13-15 Mai,1998. 333-334.
  72. Muller, M.M., Rosenberg C., Sitltanen H. and Wartiovaara T. (1981). Fate of glyphosate and its influence on nitrogen-cycling in two Finnish agriculture soils. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 27: 724-730.
  73. Mundra, S.L., Vyas A.K. and Maliwal P.L. (2002). Effect of weed and nutrient management on nutrient uptake by maize (Zea mays L.) and weed. Indian J. Agron., 47(3): 378-383.
  74. Mundra, S.L., Vyas A.K. and Maliwal P.L. (2003). Effect of weed and nutrient management on weed growth and productivity of maize (Zea mays L.). Indian J. Weed Sci., 35 (1&2): 57-61.
  75. Munier Lamy, C., Feuvrier and Chone T.(2002). Degradation of 14c-Atrazine bound residues in brown soil and Rendzinz Fractions. J. Environ. Qual., 31: 241-247.
  76. Mynavathi, V.S., Prabhakaran N.K. and Chinnusamy C.(2008). Evaluation of mechanical weeders in irrigated maize (Zea mays). Indian J. Weed Sci., 40(3&4):210-213.
  77. Nadeem, M.A., Ahmad, Khalid M., Naveed M., A. Tanveer and J.N. Ahmad. (2008). Growth and yield response of autumn planted maize (Zea mays) and its weeds to reduced doses of herbicide application in combination with urea. Pak. J. Bot., 40(2): 667-676
  78. Nagalakshmi, K.V., Chandrasekhar V. and Subbaiah G. (2006). Weed management for efficient use of nitrogen in rabi maize. Andhra Agric. J., 53(1&2): 14-16.
  79. NASS. 2010. National Agricultural Statistics Board, Annual Report, June 30, 2010, Retrieved July 23,2010
  80. Nedim dogain, M, Aydin Unay, Ozhan Boz and Filz Albay. (2004). Determination of optimum weed control timing in Maize. Turk. J. Agric., 28: 349-354.
  81. Nurse, R.E., Swanton C.J., Tardif F. and Sikkema P.H. (2006). Weed control and yield are improved when glyphosate is preceded by a residual herbicide in glyphosate-tolerant maize (Zea mays). Crop Protection, 25:1174-1179.
  82. Owen, M.D.K. and Zelaya I.A. (2005). Herbicide resistant crops and weed resistance to herbicides. Pest Manag. Sci., 61: 301-311.
  83. Pandey, A.K., Prakash V., Singh R.D. and Mani V.P. (2001). Integrated weed management in maize (Zea mays). Indian J. Agron., 46(2): 260-265.
  84. Pandey, A.K., Prakash, Singh V. R.D. and Mani V.P. (2002). Studies on crop-weed competition and weed dynamics in maize under Mid-Hill Conditions of North Western Himalays. Indian J. Weed Sci., 34(1&2): 242-245.
  85. Patel, V.J., Upadhyay P.N., Patel J.B. and Patel B.D. (2006). Evaluation of herbicide mixtures for weed control in maize (Zea mays L.) under middle Gujarat conditions. J. Agric. Sci., 2(1): 81-86
  86. Porwal, M.K. (2000). Economics of weed control measures in winter maize (Zea mays). Indian J. Agron., 45(2): 344-347.
  87. Purba, E. and Desmarwansyah N.(2008). Growth and Yield of Glyphosate-Resistant Corn wider Different Timing of Glyphosate Application. Asian J. of Plant Sci., 7(7): 692-695.
  88. Puricelli, E. and Tuesca D. (2005). Weed density and diversity under glyphosate resistant crop sequences. Crop Protection, 24: 533-542 
  89. Rajcan, I. and Swanton C.J. (2001). Understanding maize-weed competition: resource competition, light quality and the whole plant. Field Crops Res., 71:139-150.
  90. Ramachandra Prasad, T.V., Dwarakanath N., Narasimha and Krishnamurthy. (1990). Integrated weed management in maize. Effect on weds, crop growth and yield. Mysore J. Agric. Sci., 24: 39-44.
  91. Ramesh, G. and Nadanassababady T. (2005). Impact of herbicides on weeds and soil ecosystem of rainfed maize (Zea mays L.). Indian J. Agric. Res., 39(1): 31-36.
  92. Rao, A.N and Nagamani A. (2007). Integrated weed management in india- Revisited. Indian J. Weed Sci., 42 : 123-135
  93. Rao, A.S., Ratnam M. and Reddy T.Y. (2009). Weed management in zero-till sown maize. Indian J. Weed Sci., 41(1&2): 46-49.
  94. Ravisankar, D., Muthukrishnan P. and Chinnusamy C. (2011). Evaluation of bio-efficacy weed control and crop productivity in herbicide resistant transgenic corn hybrids (MON 89034 × NK603). Biotechnol. Bioinf. Bioeng., 1(3):369-374
  95. Reddy, K.N. and Whiting K. (2000). Weed control and economic comparisons of glyphosate-resistant, sulfonylurea-tolerant and conventional soybean (Glycine max) systems. Weed Technol., 14: 204-211.
  96. Riaz, M., Jamil M. and Mahmood T.Z. (2007). Yield and yield components of maize as affected by various weed control methods under rainfed conditions of Pakistan. Inter. J. Agric. and Biology., 9(1): 152-155.
  97. Ridley, W.P., Sidhu R.S., Pyla P.D., M.A. Nemeth, M.L. Breeze and J.D. Astwood. (2002). Comparison of the nutritional profile of glyphosate-    tolerant corn event NK603 with that of conventional corn (Zea mays). J. of Agri. and Food Chem., 50: 7235-7243.
  98. Saayman, A.E., Ventr J. and Van De H.A . (1997). Influence of weed competition on subsequent germination and seed vigour of Zea mays. Seed Sci. Tech., 25(1): 5965.
  99. Saeed, M., Marwat K.B., G. Hassan, A. Khan and I.A. Khan. (2010). Interference of horse purslane (Trianthema portulacastrum) with maize (Zea mays) at different densities. Pak. J. Bot., 42:173-179.
  100. Samad, M.A., M.M. Rahman, Hossain A.K., M.S. Rahman and S.M. Rahman. (2008). Allelopathic effects of five selected weed species on seed germination and seedling growth of corn. J. Soil. Nature, 2 (2):13-18.
  101. Sandra, M., Z. Patrica and Maldonado J.H.(2011). Women cotton farmers their perception and Experiences with transgenic varieties. In: Discussion paper 01118, IFPRI, Columbia. 
  102. Sarma, C.K. (2007) Growth and development studies in maize (Zea mays L.) as influenced by tillage, seed rate and weed control method. Crop Res., 34(1/2/3): 53-56. 
  103. Sarma, C.K. and Gautam R.C. (2006). Effect of tillage, seed rate and weed control methods on weeds and maize (Zea mays L.). Indian J. Weed Sci., 38(1/2): 58-61.
  104. Sathyamoorthi, R., Chinnusamy C., Kandasamy O.S. and Sankaran N. (2001). Weed seed dynamics under cultivate field as influenced by preparatory tillage and weed management methods in maize. In: Abstr. First biennial Conf. in the new millennium eco-
  105. friendly weed management options for sustainable agriculture. Indian Society of Weed Science and University of Agricultural Science, Bangalore. May 23-24.
  106. Sawargaonkar, G.L., Shelke D.K. and Shinde S.A. (2008). Influence of cropping systems and fertilizer doses on dry matter accumulation and nutrient uptake by maize (Zea mays L.). Int. J. Agric. Sci., 4(1): 45-50.
  107. Sen, A., Singh S.C., Sharma S.N., Singh A.K., Singh R. and Pal A.K. (2000). Agronomy of maize inbred parental line. Indian Fmg., 1: 18-20.
  108. Shad, R.A., Chatha M.Q., Nawaz H. (1993). Weed management studies in maize. Pakistan J. Agric. Res., 14(1): 44-50 
  109. Sharma, A.R., Toor A.S. and Sur H. (2000). Effect of intercultur operations and scheduling of atrazine application on weed control and productivity of rainfed maize (Zea mays) in Shiwalik foot hills of Punjab. Indian J. Agric. Sci., 70(1):757-761.
  110. Sharma, P., Abrol V. and Maurthishankar G.R.(2008). Effect of tillage and mulching management on the crop productivity and soil properties in maize-wheat rotation. Indian J. Crop Sci., 3(1): 141- 144. 
  111. Sharma, V., Thakur D.R. and Sharma J.J. (1998). Effect of metolachlor and its combination with atrazine on weed control in maize (Zea mays). Indian J. Agron., 43(44): 677-680.
  112. Sher Singh and Rajput A.L.1995. Chemical weed control in winter maize (Zea mays). Haryana J. Agron., 11(2): 103-107. 
  113. Shinde, S.H., Kolage A.K. and Bhilare R.L.(2001). Effect of weed control on growth and yield of maize. J. Maharashtra Agric.Univ., 26(2): 212-213.
  114. Sidhu, R.S., Hammond B.G., Fuchs R.L., Mutz J., Holden L.R., George B.and Olson T. (2000). Glyphosate-tolerant corn: The composition and feeding value of grain from glyphosate-tolerantcorn is equivalent to that of conventional corn (Zea mays L.). J. Agric. Food Chem. 48:2305–2312.
  115. Silva, P., E. Silva and S. Mesquita. (2004). Weed control and green ear yield in maize. Planta Daninha. 22:137-144.
  116. Simonsen, L., Fomsgaard I.S., Svensmark B. and Spliid N.H.(2008). Fate and availability of glyphosate and AMPA in agricultural soil. J. Environ. Sci. Health., 43:365–375.
  117. Singh, M., Kumar A. and Agarwal S.(2001). Design and development of self propelled rotary power weeder. IE (I) Journal AG. 89:14-17.
  118. Singh, B., Walia U.S. and Singh S.(2007). Integrated control of hardy weeds in maize (Zea mays L.). Indian J. Weed. Sci., 39:17-20.
  119. Singh, M., Prabhukumar S., Sairam C. and Kumar A. (2009). Evaluation of different weed management practices in rainfed maize on farmers’ fields. Pak. J. Weed Sci. Res., 15:183-189.
  120. Sinha, S.P., Prasad S.M. and Singh S.J. (2000). Effect of integrated weed management on nutrient depletion by weeds and uptake by winter maize in calcareous soil of North Bihar. J. Applied Biol., 10(1): 55-58.
  121. Sinha, S.P., Prasad S.M. and Singh S.J. (2005). Nutrient utilization by winter maize (Zea mays) and weeds as influenced by integrated weed management. Indian J. Agron., 50(4): 303-304.
  122. Sohrab, M. and Ali R. (2009). Estimation of critical period for weed control in Corn in Iran. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 49; 67-72.
  123. Stratton, G.L. and Stewart. K. E. (1992). Glyphosate Effects on Microbial Biomass in a Coniferous Forest Soil. An Inter. J., Environ. Tox. and Water Quality, 7: 223-236.
  124. Subramanyam, D, Maheshwara Reddy and Ravindranatha Reddy. (2001). Economics of weed management practices in irrigated maize (Zea mays). Andhra Agric. J., 48(3&4): 318-320. 
  125. Taylor, M.L., Hartnell G.F., Riordan S.G., Nemeth M.A,, Karunanandaa K., George B. and Astwood J.D. (2007). Comparison of broiler performance when fed diets containing grain from Roundup Ready (NK603), Yield Gard Roundup Ready (MON810 X NK603), non-transgenic control, or commercial corn. Poultry Sci., 82: 443-453.
  126. Tollenaar, M., Aguilera A. and Nissanka S.P. (1997). Grain yield is reduced more by weed interference in an old than in a new maize hybrid. Agron. J., 89(2): 239-246.
  127. Tripathi, A.K., Tewari A.N. and Prasad A. (2005). A integrated weed management in rainy season maize (Zea mays) in Central Uttar Pradesh. Indian J. Weed Sci., 37(3&4): 269-270.
  128. Twomlow, S., Riches C. and Mabasa S.(1997). Weeding-its contribution to soil water conservation in semi arid maize cultivation. In: Brighton crop production conference: weeds. Proceedings of an Int. conf., Brighton, UK, 17-20 November 1997, p 185-190.
  129. Ullah, W., Khan M., Sadiq M., Rehman H., Nawaz A. and Sher M.(2008). Impact of integrated weed management on weeds and yield of maize. Pak. J. Weed Sci. Res., 14(3-4):141-151.
  130. Varga, P., Béres I. and Reisinger P. (2000). The role of weeds on the yields of maize in arable land experiments. Hungarian Weed Research and Technol., 1:45-52
  131. Verma, V., Tewari A. and Dhemri S. (2009). Effect of atrazine on weed management in winter maize-greengram cropping system in Central Plain Zone of Uttar Pradesh. Indian J. Weed Sci., 41(1/2): 41-45
  132. Walker, E.R. and Oliver L.R. (2008). Weed seed production as influenced by glyphosate applications at flowering across a weed complex. Weed Technol., 22(2): 318-325.
  133. Watrud, L.S., Lee E.H. and Fairbrother A. (2004). Evidence for landscape level pollen-mediated gene flow from genetically modified creeping bentgrass using CP4 EPSPS as a marker. In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 101, 14533-14538. 
  134. Wiltshire, J.J., Tillett J.N.D. and Hague T. (2003). Agronomic evaluation of precise mechanical hoeing and chemical weed control in sugar beet. Weed Res., 43: 236.
  135. WSSA (Weed Science Society of America). (2007). Herbicide Handbook. 9th ed. Lawrence, KS: WSSA.
  136. Zimdahl, R.L. and Irvine. (2004). Weed Crop Competition: A Review, 2nd. Blackwell Publishing., 220
  137. Zuver, K.A., Bernards M.L., Kells J.J., Sprague C.L., Medlin C.R. and Loux M.M.(2006). Evaluation of Post emergence Weed Control Strategies in Herbicide-Resistant Isoline of Corn (Zea mays). Weed Technol., 20: 172-178.
Reviewed By

Download Article
In this Article
    Contact us
    Follow us

    Editorial Board

    View all (0)