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volume 36 issue 1 (march 2015) : 54-60,   Doi: 10.5958/0976-0741.2015.00006.9

Cytotaxonomy and gene introgression in wild arachis species

S
S. Saravanan*
R
R. Sethu Raja Durai
R
R. Vaidyanathan
1Regional Research Station, Vriddhchalam-606 001, India.
Cite article:- Saravanan* S., Durai Raja Sethu R., Vaidyanathan R. (2025). Cytotaxonomy and gene introgression in wild arachis species. Agricultural Reviews. 36(1): 54-60. doi: 10.5958/0976-0741.2015.00006.9.

ABSTRACT

Groundnut is considered as a gift for small and marginal farmers, who grow groundnut under low input conditions for food, oil, cattle feed and confectionery purposes. However, the crop suffers from many diseases and pests that cause serious yield reduction. Wild relatives of groundnut have reported to be the potential sources of resistance for number of diseases such as rust, late leaf spot, early leaf spot, bud and stem necrosis besides their tolerance to insect pests such as thrips and aphids. But, utilization of wild Arachis for genetic improvement of Groundnut along with their tolerance to major biotic stresses forms a key factor for groundnut research considering that those are lacking in cultivated Arachis hypogaea Linn. The cross compatibility in the Arachis genus identified that species within a section will usually hybridize but hybrids under different sections of same genus are difficult to hybridize and are usually sterile. The section, Arachis has immediate potential as sources for the genetic improvement of groundnut though the differences in ploidy levels seem to be the major bottleneck in gene transfer from wild diploid to cultivated tetraploid. The information furnished in this article establishes the complexity in the genetic improvement of the Arachis species. Tapping the genetic variability in any crop species will help a plant breeder to achieve his desired goal of varietal evolution. In this regard, the breeders can tap the secondary gene pool or tertiary gene pool rather tapping primary gene pool.

REFERENCES

  1. Amin, P.W. (1985). Resistance of wild species of groundnut to insect and mite pests. In Cytogenetics of Arachis. Proceedings of the International Workshop, 31 Oct-2Nov 1983, ICRISAT Center, India. Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh 502 324, India: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics.
  2. Babu, C. N. 1955. Cytogenetical studies on groundnuts. I. Thc somatic chroniosomes. Indian J. Agr. Sci. 25: 41-46.
  3. Bentham. G., 194I. On the structure and affinities of Arachis and Voandzeia. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. 18:155-162.
  4. Stalker. H.T. 1990. A morphological appraisal of wild species in section Arachis of peanuts. Peanut Sci. 17: 117-122
  5. Stalker HT, Beute MK, Shew BB, Barker KR. Registration of two root-knot nematode-resistant peanut germplasmlines. Crop Science. 2002;42:312-313
  6. Husted, L. 1931. Chromosome number in species of peanut, Arachis. Amer. Nat. 65: 476-477.
  7. Herselman, L.Thwaites, R. Kimmins, F.M., Courtois, B, Van Der Merwe, P.J.A., Seal, S.E. 2004. Identification and mapping of AFLP markers linked to peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) resistance to the aphid vector of groundnut rosette disease. Theoretical And Applied Genetics. 109(7):1426-33
  8. Sangam Lal Dwivedi, Suresh Pande, Joginedi Narayan Rao and Shyam Narayan Nigam. (2002). Components of resistance to late leaf spot and rust among interspecific derivatives and their significance in a foliar disease resistance breeding in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Euphytica. 125(1): 81-88
  9. Alessandra Pereira Fávero, Sérgio Almeida de Moraes, Antonio Augusto Franco Garcia, José Francisco Montenegro Valls and Natal Antonio Vello. (2009). Characterization of rust, early and late leaf spot resistance in wild and cultivated peanut germplasm. Euphytica. 66(1)110-117.
  10. Chavalier, A. (1936). Monographie de I’arachide. Revue de Botanique Appliquee et d’Agriculture. Tropicale. 16:673-871.
  11. Company, M. and Stalker, H.T. and Wynne, J.C. (1982). Cytology and leafspot resistance in Arachis hypogaea x wild species hybrids. Euphytica. 31:885-893.
  12. Gregory, W.C., Gregory, M.P., Krapovickas, A., Smith, B.W. and Yarbrough, J.A. (1973). Structure and genetic resources of peanuts. Pp.47-133. In peanuts-culture and uses. Stillwater, okiahoma, USA, American Peanut Research and Education Association.
  13. Hoehne, F.C. (1940). Leguminosae-Papilionadas Genero Arachis. Flora Brasilica. 25(II). 122:1-20
  14. Husted, L. (1936). Cytological studies of the peanut Arachis II. Chromosome number, morphology. Cytologia. 5: 109-117.
  15. Krapovickas, A. (1969). Evolution of the genus Arachis seminario Advanzado de Genetica Agricola para America Latina, Maracay, Venezuela SAGA/B(d):1-4.
  16. Krapovickas, A. (1973). Evolution of the genus Arachis. In Agricultural Genetics-Selected topics Jerusalem: National Council for Research and Development. 135-151.
  17. Raman, V.S. (1976). Cytogenetics and breeding in Arachis. India Today and Tomorrow’s printers and publishers. 84.
  18. Linnaeus, C. Von. (1753). Species Plantarum Laurentii Salviae, Holmiae. 377.
  19. Mendes. A.J.T. (1947). Estudos citologicos no genera Arachis. Bragantia. 7: 257-267.
  20. Smartt, J. (1979). Interspecific Hybridization in the grain legumes- review. Economic Botany. 33: 329-337.
  21. Simpson, C.E. and Davis, K.S. (1983). Meiotic behaviour of the male fertile triploid Arachis L. hybrid. Crop Science. 23: 581-584.
  22. Singh, A.K. (1985). Genetic introgression from compatible wild species into cultivated groundnut. In proc. of an International workshop on Cytogenetics of Arachis, 31 Oct.2 Nov. 1883. ICRISAT. 107-117.
  23. Singh, A.K. and Moss, J.P. (1984). Utilization of wild relatives in genetic improvement of Arachis hypogaea part V. Genome analysis in section Arachis and its implications in gene transfer. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. 68:1-10.
  24. Singh, A.K. and Moss, J.P. (1982). Utilization of wild relatives in genetic improvement of Arachis hypogaea part 2. Chromosome complements of species in section Arachis. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. 61:305-314.
  25. Peters, R.J., Simpson, C.E., and Smith, O.D. (1982). Fertility, Cytological stability and phenotypic traits in backcross progeny of an Arachis amphidiploid. Crop Science. 22:357-361.
  26. Hermann, F.J. (1954). A synopsis of the genus Arachis Agricultural Monograph no 19 Washington, D.C. USA, US Government Printing Office.
  27. Smartt, J. (1964). Cross compatibility relationships between the cultivated peanut Arachis hypogaea L. and other species of the genus Arachis Ph.D. thesis., North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.
  28. Gregory, W.C. and Gregory, M.P. (1976). Groundnut Arachis hypogaea- in Evolution of crop plants. 151-154. London, UK, Longman.
  29. Smartt, J and Stalkar, H.T. (1982). Speciation and Cytogenetics in Arachis. Peanut Science and Technology. 21-49.
  30. Gregory, W.C., Gregory, M.P, Krapovickas, A., Smith, B.W. and Yarbrougl., J.A. (1973). Structure and Genetic resources of peanuts. IN Peanut-culture and uses, stillwater, oklahoma, USA: American peanut Research and Education Association. 47-133.
  31. Stalkar, H.T. and C.E. Simpson. (1995). Genetic resources in Arachis. In: H.E. Pattee, and H.T. Stalkar. Advances in Peanut Science, 14-53. American Peanut Research and Educational Society, Stillwater, OK, USA.
  32. Milla, S., (2003). Relationships and utilization of Arachis germplasm in peanut improvement. Ph.D Dissertation, NCSU, 1-150.
  33. Mallikarjuna, N., S. Chandra and D. Jadhav. (2003). Genetic relationship among Arachis species based on molecular data. Int. Arachis Newsletter 23: 19-21.
  34. Krapovickas , A., A. Fernandez and P. Seeligman. (1974). Recuperacion de la fertilidad un hibrido interspecific esteril de Arachis (Leguminosae). Bonplandia 3:129-142.
  35. Krapovickas, A. and W.C. Gregory. (1994). Taxonomy of the genus Arachis. Bonplandia 8:186
  36. David J. Bertioli Guillermo Seijo Fabio O. Freitas José F. M Vallsa4, Soraya C. M. Leal-Bertioli and Marcio C. Moretzsohn. (2011). An overview of peanut and its wild relatives. Plant Genetic Resources. 9: pp 134-149
  37. Stalkar, H.T. (1983). Cytotaxonomy of Arachis. Proceedings of an international workshop on cytogenetics of Arachis, 31Oct-2 Nov. ICRISAT, Patancheru, AP India
  38. Bera, A.K., Rathnakumar, A.L and Radhakrishnan, T. (2004). Cytogenetics and Utilization of wild Arachis. In. Book ‘Groundnut Research in India’. NRCG, Junagadh Pp:104-116.
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    volume 36 issue 1 (march 2015) : 54-60,   Doi: 10.5958/0976-0741.2015.00006.9

    Cytotaxonomy and gene introgression in wild arachis species

    S
    S. Saravanan*
    R
    R. Sethu Raja Durai
    R
    R. Vaidyanathan
    1Regional Research Station, Vriddhchalam-606 001, India.
    Cite article:- Saravanan* S., Durai Raja Sethu R., Vaidyanathan R. (2025). Cytotaxonomy and gene introgression in wild arachis species. Agricultural Reviews. 36(1): 54-60. doi: 10.5958/0976-0741.2015.00006.9.

    ABSTRACT

    Groundnut is considered as a gift for small and marginal farmers, who grow groundnut under low input conditions for food, oil, cattle feed and confectionery purposes. However, the crop suffers from many diseases and pests that cause serious yield reduction. Wild relatives of groundnut have reported to be the potential sources of resistance for number of diseases such as rust, late leaf spot, early leaf spot, bud and stem necrosis besides their tolerance to insect pests such as thrips and aphids. But, utilization of wild Arachis for genetic improvement of Groundnut along with their tolerance to major biotic stresses forms a key factor for groundnut research considering that those are lacking in cultivated Arachis hypogaea Linn. The cross compatibility in the Arachis genus identified that species within a section will usually hybridize but hybrids under different sections of same genus are difficult to hybridize and are usually sterile. The section, Arachis has immediate potential as sources for the genetic improvement of groundnut though the differences in ploidy levels seem to be the major bottleneck in gene transfer from wild diploid to cultivated tetraploid. The information furnished in this article establishes the complexity in the genetic improvement of the Arachis species. Tapping the genetic variability in any crop species will help a plant breeder to achieve his desired goal of varietal evolution. In this regard, the breeders can tap the secondary gene pool or tertiary gene pool rather tapping primary gene pool.

    REFERENCES

    1. Amin, P.W. (1985). Resistance of wild species of groundnut to insect and mite pests. In Cytogenetics of Arachis. Proceedings of the International Workshop, 31 Oct-2Nov 1983, ICRISAT Center, India. Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh 502 324, India: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics.
    2. Babu, C. N. 1955. Cytogenetical studies on groundnuts. I. Thc somatic chroniosomes. Indian J. Agr. Sci. 25: 41-46.
    3. Bentham. G., 194I. On the structure and affinities of Arachis and Voandzeia. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. 18:155-162.
    4. Stalker. H.T. 1990. A morphological appraisal of wild species in section Arachis of peanuts. Peanut Sci. 17: 117-122
    5. Stalker HT, Beute MK, Shew BB, Barker KR. Registration of two root-knot nematode-resistant peanut germplasmlines. Crop Science. 2002;42:312-313
    6. Husted, L. 1931. Chromosome number in species of peanut, Arachis. Amer. Nat. 65: 476-477.
    7. Herselman, L.Thwaites, R. Kimmins, F.M., Courtois, B, Van Der Merwe, P.J.A., Seal, S.E. 2004. Identification and mapping of AFLP markers linked to peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) resistance to the aphid vector of groundnut rosette disease. Theoretical And Applied Genetics. 109(7):1426-33
    8. Sangam Lal Dwivedi, Suresh Pande, Joginedi Narayan Rao and Shyam Narayan Nigam. (2002). Components of resistance to late leaf spot and rust among interspecific derivatives and their significance in a foliar disease resistance breeding in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Euphytica. 125(1): 81-88
    9. Alessandra Pereira Fávero, Sérgio Almeida de Moraes, Antonio Augusto Franco Garcia, José Francisco Montenegro Valls and Natal Antonio Vello. (2009). Characterization of rust, early and late leaf spot resistance in wild and cultivated peanut germplasm. Euphytica. 66(1)110-117.
    10. Chavalier, A. (1936). Monographie de I’arachide. Revue de Botanique Appliquee et d’Agriculture. Tropicale. 16:673-871.
    11. Company, M. and Stalker, H.T. and Wynne, J.C. (1982). Cytology and leafspot resistance in Arachis hypogaea x wild species hybrids. Euphytica. 31:885-893.
    12. Gregory, W.C., Gregory, M.P., Krapovickas, A., Smith, B.W. and Yarbrough, J.A. (1973). Structure and genetic resources of peanuts. Pp.47-133. In peanuts-culture and uses. Stillwater, okiahoma, USA, American Peanut Research and Education Association.
    13. Hoehne, F.C. (1940). Leguminosae-Papilionadas Genero Arachis. Flora Brasilica. 25(II). 122:1-20
    14. Husted, L. (1936). Cytological studies of the peanut Arachis II. Chromosome number, morphology. Cytologia. 5: 109-117.
    15. Krapovickas, A. (1969). Evolution of the genus Arachis seminario Advanzado de Genetica Agricola para America Latina, Maracay, Venezuela SAGA/B(d):1-4.
    16. Krapovickas, A. (1973). Evolution of the genus Arachis. In Agricultural Genetics-Selected topics Jerusalem: National Council for Research and Development. 135-151.
    17. Raman, V.S. (1976). Cytogenetics and breeding in Arachis. India Today and Tomorrow’s printers and publishers. 84.
    18. Linnaeus, C. Von. (1753). Species Plantarum Laurentii Salviae, Holmiae. 377.
    19. Mendes. A.J.T. (1947). Estudos citologicos no genera Arachis. Bragantia. 7: 257-267.
    20. Smartt, J. (1979). Interspecific Hybridization in the grain legumes- review. Economic Botany. 33: 329-337.
    21. Simpson, C.E. and Davis, K.S. (1983). Meiotic behaviour of the male fertile triploid Arachis L. hybrid. Crop Science. 23: 581-584.
    22. Singh, A.K. (1985). Genetic introgression from compatible wild species into cultivated groundnut. In proc. of an International workshop on Cytogenetics of Arachis, 31 Oct.2 Nov. 1883. ICRISAT. 107-117.
    23. Singh, A.K. and Moss, J.P. (1984). Utilization of wild relatives in genetic improvement of Arachis hypogaea part V. Genome analysis in section Arachis and its implications in gene transfer. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. 68:1-10.
    24. Singh, A.K. and Moss, J.P. (1982). Utilization of wild relatives in genetic improvement of Arachis hypogaea part 2. Chromosome complements of species in section Arachis. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. 61:305-314.
    25. Peters, R.J., Simpson, C.E., and Smith, O.D. (1982). Fertility, Cytological stability and phenotypic traits in backcross progeny of an Arachis amphidiploid. Crop Science. 22:357-361.
    26. Hermann, F.J. (1954). A synopsis of the genus Arachis Agricultural Monograph no 19 Washington, D.C. USA, US Government Printing Office.
    27. Smartt, J. (1964). Cross compatibility relationships between the cultivated peanut Arachis hypogaea L. and other species of the genus Arachis Ph.D. thesis., North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.
    28. Gregory, W.C. and Gregory, M.P. (1976). Groundnut Arachis hypogaea- in Evolution of crop plants. 151-154. London, UK, Longman.
    29. Smartt, J and Stalkar, H.T. (1982). Speciation and Cytogenetics in Arachis. Peanut Science and Technology. 21-49.
    30. Gregory, W.C., Gregory, M.P, Krapovickas, A., Smith, B.W. and Yarbrougl., J.A. (1973). Structure and Genetic resources of peanuts. IN Peanut-culture and uses, stillwater, oklahoma, USA: American peanut Research and Education Association. 47-133.
    31. Stalkar, H.T. and C.E. Simpson. (1995). Genetic resources in Arachis. In: H.E. Pattee, and H.T. Stalkar. Advances in Peanut Science, 14-53. American Peanut Research and Educational Society, Stillwater, OK, USA.
    32. Milla, S., (2003). Relationships and utilization of Arachis germplasm in peanut improvement. Ph.D Dissertation, NCSU, 1-150.
    33. Mallikarjuna, N., S. Chandra and D. Jadhav. (2003). Genetic relationship among Arachis species based on molecular data. Int. Arachis Newsletter 23: 19-21.
    34. Krapovickas , A., A. Fernandez and P. Seeligman. (1974). Recuperacion de la fertilidad un hibrido interspecific esteril de Arachis (Leguminosae). Bonplandia 3:129-142.
    35. Krapovickas, A. and W.C. Gregory. (1994). Taxonomy of the genus Arachis. Bonplandia 8:186
    36. David J. Bertioli Guillermo Seijo Fabio O. Freitas José F. M Vallsa4, Soraya C. M. Leal-Bertioli and Marcio C. Moretzsohn. (2011). An overview of peanut and its wild relatives. Plant Genetic Resources. 9: pp 134-149
    37. Stalkar, H.T. (1983). Cytotaxonomy of Arachis. Proceedings of an international workshop on cytogenetics of Arachis, 31Oct-2 Nov. ICRISAT, Patancheru, AP India
    38. Bera, A.K., Rathnakumar, A.L and Radhakrishnan, T. (2004). Cytogenetics and Utilization of wild Arachis. In. Book ‘Groundnut Research in India’. NRCG, Junagadh Pp:104-116.
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