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Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive

volume 36 issue 1 (march 2015) : 67-72,   Doi: 10.5958/0976-0741.2015.00008.2

Dry land integrated farming system - A Review

V
V.S. Mynavathi*
C
C. Jayanthi
1Post Graduate Research Institute in Animal Sciences, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Kattupakkam, Chennai–603 203, India
Cite article:- Mynavathi* V.S., Jayanthi C. (2025). Dry land integrated farming system - A Review. Agricultural Reviews. 36(1): 67-72. doi: 10.5958/0976-0741.2015.00008.2.

ABSTRACT

In India, nearly 100 million ha of land is under rainfed cultivation and therefore, rainfed agriculture will continue to play an important role in the Indian economy. The disappointing results of conventional cropping systems in advancing the productivity of small farms were the driving force in the development of farming systems research. It views the whole farm as a system with the integration of crops, animals, soils, workers, other inputs and environmental influences wherein the farm family attempts to produce outputs within the limitations of its capability and resources and the socio-cultural setting. Development and adoption of integrated farming system will help in productivity enhancement, employment, income generation and nutritional security both for human and livestock. The different components of the system have complementarities with waste products of one component becoming source of food and energy for other components. Considerable research efforts are being made in evolving situation specific integrated farming system. Literature on dry land integrated farming system is reviewed and presented below.

REFERENCES

  1. Acharya, S.S., K.A. Varghese and Diwakar Singh. (1987). Economic aspects of dairy enterprise in an irrigated arid region of Rajasthan. Indian J. Dairy Sci., 40(3): 331-338.
  2. Aggarwal, R.K. and P. Kumar. (1993). Sustainable productivity through organic manure in arid land ecosystem. In: Proceedings of International Symposium on Environmental degradation, CAZRI, Jodhpur. pp. 21.
  3. Alam, M.R., R.I. Sarker, M.D. Hossain and M.S. Islam. (2000). Contribution of livestock to small farms in Bangladesh. Asian Australasian J. Anim. Sci., 13(suppl.):339-342.
  4. Arvind, R. and K.K. Jain. (1992). Dairying potential in Jalandhar district of Punjab. Indian Dairyman, 44(12): 578-583.
  5. Barik, K.C., D. Mohanty, S.K. Nath, S.K. Sahoo and Laba Soren. (2010). Assessment of integrated farming system for rainfed agro ecosystem in Deogarh district of Orissa. In: Extended summaries of XIX National Symposium on Resource management approaches towards livelihood security, Bengaluru, Karnataka, Dec. 2 - 4. pp: 172.
  6. Basavaraj, H. and N.R. Gangadharappa. (1999). Adoption level and profitability of different combination of farm enterprises in existing farming systems. Mysore J. Agric. Sci., 33(2): 261-266.
  7. Das, S.K. (2001). Prospect and potentiality for goat farming in north eastern region of India – a review. Agric. Rev., 22(3/4): 228-233.
  8. Deoghare, P.R. and N.K. Bhattacharya. (1993). Economic analysis of goat rearing in the Mathura district of Uttar Pradesh. Indian J. Anim. Sci., 64(12): 1368-1372.
  9. Deoghare, P.R. (1997). Sustainability of on-farm income and employment through livestock production in Mathura district. Indian J. of Anim. Sci., 67(16): 916-919.
  10. Devendra, C. (1998). Improvement of small ruminant production systems in rainfed agro-ecological zones of Asia. Ann. Arid Zone, 37(3): 215-232.
  11. Devendra, C. (2000). Animal production and rainfed agriculture in Asia: Potential opportunities for productivity enhancement. Outlook on Agriculture, 29:161-175.
  12. Esther Shekinah, D., C. Jayanthi and N. Sankaran. (2005). Physical indicators of sustainability - A farming systems approach for the small farmer in the rainfed vertisols of the Western zone of Tamil Nadu. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 25(3):43-65.
  13. Gajja, B.L., T.K. Bhati, L.N. Harsh and M.S. Khan. (1999). Comparitive economics of silvipasture, hortipasture and annual crops on marginal agricultural lands of arid zone of Rajasthan. Ann. Arid Zone, 38(2): 173-180.
  14. Gupta, P.C., K. Singh and M.A. Akbar. (1994). Developing forage based rations for lactating buffaloes. In: Proceedings of IV World Buffalo Congress. Sao Paulo, Brazil. June 27-30, Vol. II. pp. 275-277.
  15. Jayanthi, C., M. Balusamy, C. Chinnusamy and S. Mythili. (2003). Integrated nutrient supply system of linked components in lowland integrated farming system. Indian J. Agron., 48: 241- 246.
  16. Jayanthi, C., C. Vennila, K. Nalini and G. Vivek. (2007). Physical indicators - on farm farming system for irrigated uplands of Western zone of Tamil Nadu. Journal of Farming systems Research and Development. 13(1): 17-25.
  17. Kadian, V.S., K.P. Singh, S.N. Singh and H. Kumar. (1992). Productivity and economics of intensive crop rotations in arable and mixed farming systems. Haryana J. Agron., 8(2): 116-122.
  18. Kale, A. (1999). Goat farming - a remunerative enterprise. Intensive Agriculture, 37(3&4): 24-28.
  19. Nehra, O.P., N. Singh, S.N. Singh, V. Kumar, K.P. Singh and V.S. Kadian. (1992). Comparative studies on economics of various farming systems under semi-arid tracts of Southern Haryana. Indian J. Anim. Prod. Mgmt., 8: 121-124.
  20. Pandey, R.N. (1988). Contribution of buffaloes to generation of income and employment for the rural households, especially for the small farmers. Indian J. Anim. Production and Management, 4(3/4): 124-132. Pandey, R.N. and T.S. Bhogal (1980). Prospects of increasing income and employment on mixed farms. Indian J. Agric. Econ., 35(4): 144-151.
  21. Pathak, P. and K.B. Laryea. (1995). Soil and water conservation in the Indian SAT; principles and improved practices. In: Sustainable development of dryland agriculture in India. (Ed.) R.P. Singh. Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur. pp. 83-92.
  22. Phengvichith Vanthong. (1998). The integration of livestock in shifting cultivation systems in the upland of the Lao PDR. FFTC Extension Bulletin, 464: 1-10.
  23. Policy note. (2010). Agriculture department. Government of Tamil Nadu.
  24. Radhamani, S. (2001). Sustainable integrated farming system for dryland Vertisol areas of Western Zone of Tamil Nadu, Ph.D. Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu.
  25. Rai, K.N. and S.N. Singh. (1982). Income and employment effects of livestock and new dryland farm technology in Haryana. Indian J. Dairy Sci., 35: 203-208.
  26. Ramasamy, C., S. Natarajan, C. Jayanthi and D. Suresh kumar. (2007). Intensive integrated farming system to boost income of farmers. In: Proceedings of 32nd IAUA vice chancellors annual convention on Diversification in Indian Agriculture, Birsa Agricutural University, December 20 - 21. pp. 28-47.
  27. Ramrao, W.Y., S.P. Tiwari and P. Singh. (2006). Crop-livestock integrated farming system for the Marginal farmers in rainfed regions of Chhattisgarh in Central India. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 18(7): 23-30.
  28. Rangasamy, A. (1995). Integrated farming systems research in Tamil Nadu. Country paper on development of sustainable farming systems. Organised at National Productivity Organization, Srilanka. June 5 -10.
  29. Rangasamy, A., V.S. Shanmugasundaram, S. Sankaran and M. Subbarayalu. (1990). Integrated farming system management: A viable approach. Research Bulletin. Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
  30. Reddy, S.R. (2000). Principles of Agronomy. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi. pp. 149 – 179.
  31. Sajise, P.E. (1998). Ecological concerns in crop-livestock integration in sloping land. FFTC Extension Bulletin, No. 461.
  32. San Nu Nu and B.J. Deaton. (1999). Feasibility of integrating sheep and crops with small holder rubber productions in Indonesia. Journal of Agribusiness, 17(2): 105-122.
  33. Senthilvel, T., K.R. Latha and N. Gopalasamy. (1998). Farming system approach for sustainable yield and income under rainfed vertisols. Madras Agric. J., 55(1): 65-67.
  34. Sheshshayee, M.S., H. Bindumadhava, A.G. Shanker, T.G. Prasad and M. Udayakumar. (2003). Breeding strategies to explain water use efficiency for crop improvement. Journal of Plant Biology, 30(2): 253–268.
  35. Shivani, R.D. Singh, K. Rajan, P.K. Ray and S.S. Singh. (2010). Resource management in vegetable based integrated farming system for marginal farmers of Bihar.
  36. In: Extended summaries of XIX National Symposium on Resource management approaches towards livelihood security, Bengaluru, Karnataka, Dec. 2-4. pp: 176.
  37. Singh, A.K. and J.S. Sharma. (1987). A farming system approach for growth with equity of small farmers. J. Rural Devt., 6(4): 396-405.
  38. Singh, R.P. (1995). Problems and prospects of dryland agriculture in India. (Ed.) R.P. Singh. Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur. pp. 13-23.
  39. Singh, M.R. (1996a). Prospects of employment in goat rearing in rural Mathura, Uttar Pradesh. Indian J. Small Ruminants, 2(1): 11-16.
  40. Singh, G.B. (1996b). Integrated nutrient management strategy for balanced usage. The Hindu Survey of Indian Agriculture. pp. 151-153.
  41. Singh, H.P., K.L. Sharma, K. Srinivas and B. Venkateswarlu. (2000). Nutrient management strategies for dryland farming. Fertilizer News, 45(5): 43-50.
  42. Singh, S.N., K.P. Singh, N. Singh, V.S. Kandian and S.S. Dahiya. (1988). Employment potentialities of different farming systems. In: Abstract of National seminar on Farming systems for semi-arid tropics. ICAR and Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. pp.7.
  43. Singh, V.P., R.K. Singh and V.S. Chauhan. (1993a). Developing integrated crop – livestock – fish farming systems for rainfed uplands in eastern India. J. Asian Fmg. Systems Assoc., 1(4): 523-536.
  44. Singh, R., N. Singh, S.B. Phogat and U.K. Sharma. (1999). Income and employment potential of different farming systems. HAU J. Res., 29(3/4): 143-145.
  45. Singh, K.P., S.N. Singh, H. Kumar, V.S. Kadian and K.K. Saxena. (1993b). Economic analysis of different farming systems followed on small and marginal land holdings in Haryana. Haryana J. Agron., 9:122-125.
  46. Sivamurugan, A.P. (2001). Sustainable farming system under irrigated upland situation. Ph.D., Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu.
  47. Thirukumaram, K. (2002). Whole farm approach for sustainable dryland production. Ph.D. Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu.
  48. Vairavan, K., S. Kannan, C. Ganache and G. Swaminathan. (2000). Farming in dryland and wasteland situation. The Hindu, 27th April.
  49. Velu, V. (2011). Soil fertility management strategies through INM in rainfed agriculture. In: CAFTA training manual on Productivity enhancement in drylands through diversified farming options, TNAU, Coimbatore, Jan. 27 – Feb.16. pp. 81-92
  50. Vikaraman Nair, R., N.G. Pillai and Sahaskanaman. (1976). Mixed farming in coconut gardens. Indian Fmg., 26(1): 24-25.
  51. Virmani, S.M. (1995). Agricultural climate of India. In: Sustainable development of dryland agriculture in India. (Ed.) R.P. Singh. Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur. pp. 25-32.
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    volume 36 issue 1 (march 2015) : 67-72,   Doi: 10.5958/0976-0741.2015.00008.2

    Dry land integrated farming system - A Review

    V
    V.S. Mynavathi*
    C
    C. Jayanthi
    1Post Graduate Research Institute in Animal Sciences, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Kattupakkam, Chennai–603 203, India
    Cite article:- Mynavathi* V.S., Jayanthi C. (2025). Dry land integrated farming system - A Review. Agricultural Reviews. 36(1): 67-72. doi: 10.5958/0976-0741.2015.00008.2.

    ABSTRACT

    In India, nearly 100 million ha of land is under rainfed cultivation and therefore, rainfed agriculture will continue to play an important role in the Indian economy. The disappointing results of conventional cropping systems in advancing the productivity of small farms were the driving force in the development of farming systems research. It views the whole farm as a system with the integration of crops, animals, soils, workers, other inputs and environmental influences wherein the farm family attempts to produce outputs within the limitations of its capability and resources and the socio-cultural setting. Development and adoption of integrated farming system will help in productivity enhancement, employment, income generation and nutritional security both for human and livestock. The different components of the system have complementarities with waste products of one component becoming source of food and energy for other components. Considerable research efforts are being made in evolving situation specific integrated farming system. Literature on dry land integrated farming system is reviewed and presented below.

    REFERENCES

    1. Acharya, S.S., K.A. Varghese and Diwakar Singh. (1987). Economic aspects of dairy enterprise in an irrigated arid region of Rajasthan. Indian J. Dairy Sci., 40(3): 331-338.
    2. Aggarwal, R.K. and P. Kumar. (1993). Sustainable productivity through organic manure in arid land ecosystem. In: Proceedings of International Symposium on Environmental degradation, CAZRI, Jodhpur. pp. 21.
    3. Alam, M.R., R.I. Sarker, M.D. Hossain and M.S. Islam. (2000). Contribution of livestock to small farms in Bangladesh. Asian Australasian J. Anim. Sci., 13(suppl.):339-342.
    4. Arvind, R. and K.K. Jain. (1992). Dairying potential in Jalandhar district of Punjab. Indian Dairyman, 44(12): 578-583.
    5. Barik, K.C., D. Mohanty, S.K. Nath, S.K. Sahoo and Laba Soren. (2010). Assessment of integrated farming system for rainfed agro ecosystem in Deogarh district of Orissa. In: Extended summaries of XIX National Symposium on Resource management approaches towards livelihood security, Bengaluru, Karnataka, Dec. 2 - 4. pp: 172.
    6. Basavaraj, H. and N.R. Gangadharappa. (1999). Adoption level and profitability of different combination of farm enterprises in existing farming systems. Mysore J. Agric. Sci., 33(2): 261-266.
    7. Das, S.K. (2001). Prospect and potentiality for goat farming in north eastern region of India – a review. Agric. Rev., 22(3/4): 228-233.
    8. Deoghare, P.R. and N.K. Bhattacharya. (1993). Economic analysis of goat rearing in the Mathura district of Uttar Pradesh. Indian J. Anim. Sci., 64(12): 1368-1372.
    9. Deoghare, P.R. (1997). Sustainability of on-farm income and employment through livestock production in Mathura district. Indian J. of Anim. Sci., 67(16): 916-919.
    10. Devendra, C. (1998). Improvement of small ruminant production systems in rainfed agro-ecological zones of Asia. Ann. Arid Zone, 37(3): 215-232.
    11. Devendra, C. (2000). Animal production and rainfed agriculture in Asia: Potential opportunities for productivity enhancement. Outlook on Agriculture, 29:161-175.
    12. Esther Shekinah, D., C. Jayanthi and N. Sankaran. (2005). Physical indicators of sustainability - A farming systems approach for the small farmer in the rainfed vertisols of the Western zone of Tamil Nadu. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 25(3):43-65.
    13. Gajja, B.L., T.K. Bhati, L.N. Harsh and M.S. Khan. (1999). Comparitive economics of silvipasture, hortipasture and annual crops on marginal agricultural lands of arid zone of Rajasthan. Ann. Arid Zone, 38(2): 173-180.
    14. Gupta, P.C., K. Singh and M.A. Akbar. (1994). Developing forage based rations for lactating buffaloes. In: Proceedings of IV World Buffalo Congress. Sao Paulo, Brazil. June 27-30, Vol. II. pp. 275-277.
    15. Jayanthi, C., M. Balusamy, C. Chinnusamy and S. Mythili. (2003). Integrated nutrient supply system of linked components in lowland integrated farming system. Indian J. Agron., 48: 241- 246.
    16. Jayanthi, C., C. Vennila, K. Nalini and G. Vivek. (2007). Physical indicators - on farm farming system for irrigated uplands of Western zone of Tamil Nadu. Journal of Farming systems Research and Development. 13(1): 17-25.
    17. Kadian, V.S., K.P. Singh, S.N. Singh and H. Kumar. (1992). Productivity and economics of intensive crop rotations in arable and mixed farming systems. Haryana J. Agron., 8(2): 116-122.
    18. Kale, A. (1999). Goat farming - a remunerative enterprise. Intensive Agriculture, 37(3&4): 24-28.
    19. Nehra, O.P., N. Singh, S.N. Singh, V. Kumar, K.P. Singh and V.S. Kadian. (1992). Comparative studies on economics of various farming systems under semi-arid tracts of Southern Haryana. Indian J. Anim. Prod. Mgmt., 8: 121-124.
    20. Pandey, R.N. (1988). Contribution of buffaloes to generation of income and employment for the rural households, especially for the small farmers. Indian J. Anim. Production and Management, 4(3/4): 124-132. Pandey, R.N. and T.S. Bhogal (1980). Prospects of increasing income and employment on mixed farms. Indian J. Agric. Econ., 35(4): 144-151.
    21. Pathak, P. and K.B. Laryea. (1995). Soil and water conservation in the Indian SAT; principles and improved practices. In: Sustainable development of dryland agriculture in India. (Ed.) R.P. Singh. Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur. pp. 83-92.
    22. Phengvichith Vanthong. (1998). The integration of livestock in shifting cultivation systems in the upland of the Lao PDR. FFTC Extension Bulletin, 464: 1-10.
    23. Policy note. (2010). Agriculture department. Government of Tamil Nadu.
    24. Radhamani, S. (2001). Sustainable integrated farming system for dryland Vertisol areas of Western Zone of Tamil Nadu, Ph.D. Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu.
    25. Rai, K.N. and S.N. Singh. (1982). Income and employment effects of livestock and new dryland farm technology in Haryana. Indian J. Dairy Sci., 35: 203-208.
    26. Ramasamy, C., S. Natarajan, C. Jayanthi and D. Suresh kumar. (2007). Intensive integrated farming system to boost income of farmers. In: Proceedings of 32nd IAUA vice chancellors annual convention on Diversification in Indian Agriculture, Birsa Agricutural University, December 20 - 21. pp. 28-47.
    27. Ramrao, W.Y., S.P. Tiwari and P. Singh. (2006). Crop-livestock integrated farming system for the Marginal farmers in rainfed regions of Chhattisgarh in Central India. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 18(7): 23-30.
    28. Rangasamy, A. (1995). Integrated farming systems research in Tamil Nadu. Country paper on development of sustainable farming systems. Organised at National Productivity Organization, Srilanka. June 5 -10.
    29. Rangasamy, A., V.S. Shanmugasundaram, S. Sankaran and M. Subbarayalu. (1990). Integrated farming system management: A viable approach. Research Bulletin. Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
    30. Reddy, S.R. (2000). Principles of Agronomy. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi. pp. 149 – 179.
    31. Sajise, P.E. (1998). Ecological concerns in crop-livestock integration in sloping land. FFTC Extension Bulletin, No. 461.
    32. San Nu Nu and B.J. Deaton. (1999). Feasibility of integrating sheep and crops with small holder rubber productions in Indonesia. Journal of Agribusiness, 17(2): 105-122.
    33. Senthilvel, T., K.R. Latha and N. Gopalasamy. (1998). Farming system approach for sustainable yield and income under rainfed vertisols. Madras Agric. J., 55(1): 65-67.
    34. Sheshshayee, M.S., H. Bindumadhava, A.G. Shanker, T.G. Prasad and M. Udayakumar. (2003). Breeding strategies to explain water use efficiency for crop improvement. Journal of Plant Biology, 30(2): 253–268.
    35. Shivani, R.D. Singh, K. Rajan, P.K. Ray and S.S. Singh. (2010). Resource management in vegetable based integrated farming system for marginal farmers of Bihar.
    36. In: Extended summaries of XIX National Symposium on Resource management approaches towards livelihood security, Bengaluru, Karnataka, Dec. 2-4. pp: 176.
    37. Singh, A.K. and J.S. Sharma. (1987). A farming system approach for growth with equity of small farmers. J. Rural Devt., 6(4): 396-405.
    38. Singh, R.P. (1995). Problems and prospects of dryland agriculture in India. (Ed.) R.P. Singh. Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur. pp. 13-23.
    39. Singh, M.R. (1996a). Prospects of employment in goat rearing in rural Mathura, Uttar Pradesh. Indian J. Small Ruminants, 2(1): 11-16.
    40. Singh, G.B. (1996b). Integrated nutrient management strategy for balanced usage. The Hindu Survey of Indian Agriculture. pp. 151-153.
    41. Singh, H.P., K.L. Sharma, K. Srinivas and B. Venkateswarlu. (2000). Nutrient management strategies for dryland farming. Fertilizer News, 45(5): 43-50.
    42. Singh, S.N., K.P. Singh, N. Singh, V.S. Kandian and S.S. Dahiya. (1988). Employment potentialities of different farming systems. In: Abstract of National seminar on Farming systems for semi-arid tropics. ICAR and Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. pp.7.
    43. Singh, V.P., R.K. Singh and V.S. Chauhan. (1993a). Developing integrated crop – livestock – fish farming systems for rainfed uplands in eastern India. J. Asian Fmg. Systems Assoc., 1(4): 523-536.
    44. Singh, R., N. Singh, S.B. Phogat and U.K. Sharma. (1999). Income and employment potential of different farming systems. HAU J. Res., 29(3/4): 143-145.
    45. Singh, K.P., S.N. Singh, H. Kumar, V.S. Kadian and K.K. Saxena. (1993b). Economic analysis of different farming systems followed on small and marginal land holdings in Haryana. Haryana J. Agron., 9:122-125.
    46. Sivamurugan, A.P. (2001). Sustainable farming system under irrigated upland situation. Ph.D., Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu.
    47. Thirukumaram, K. (2002). Whole farm approach for sustainable dryland production. Ph.D. Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu.
    48. Vairavan, K., S. Kannan, C. Ganache and G. Swaminathan. (2000). Farming in dryland and wasteland situation. The Hindu, 27th April.
    49. Velu, V. (2011). Soil fertility management strategies through INM in rainfed agriculture. In: CAFTA training manual on Productivity enhancement in drylands through diversified farming options, TNAU, Coimbatore, Jan. 27 – Feb.16. pp. 81-92
    50. Vikaraman Nair, R., N.G. Pillai and Sahaskanaman. (1976). Mixed farming in coconut gardens. Indian Fmg., 26(1): 24-25.
    51. Virmani, S.M. (1995). Agricultural climate of India. In: Sustainable development of dryland agriculture in India. (Ed.) R.P. Singh. Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur. pp. 25-32.
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