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Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive

volume 35 issue 1 (march 2014) : 69-73,   Doi: 10.5958/j.0976-0741.35.1.009

SCIENTIFIC SEED PRODUCTION TECHNIQUES IN MORINGA

A
A. Ramesh Kumar*
M
M. Prabhu
V
V. Ponnuswami
V
V. Lakshmanan
A
A. Nithyadevi
1Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural College and Research Institute, TNAU, Tiruchirappalli- 620 009, India
Cite article:- Kumar* Ramesh A., Prabhu M., Ponnuswami V., Lakshmanan V., Nithyadevi A. (2025). SCIENTIFIC SEED PRODUCTION TECHNIQUES IN MORINGA. Agricultural Reviews. 35(1): 69-73. doi: 10.5958/j.0976-0741.35.1.009.

ABSTRACT

Moringa oleifera, is native to India. The other related species are M. sternopetala, Moringa peregrine and Moringa drouhardii: There are two types of moringa viz., perennial and annual moringa. The improved annual moringa varieties are PKM-1 and  PKM-2. Besides, the known ecotypes are Jaffna moringa, Chavakacheri murungai, Chemmurungai (red tipped fruits), Kaadumurungai Palmurungai, Puna murungai and Kodikkal Murungai. Moringa is a cross pollinated vegetable crop. Flowering is throughout the year with the peak during October - November and April- May. The corresponding fruit production was during October and May. The pollen grains of drumstick are spherical with smooth exine and three germpores.  The stigma is receptive one day prior to opening and continued with maximum receptivity of 88 and 96 % in PKM1 and PKM 2 respectively. PKM 1 and 2 are annual type, propagated through seeds. By adopting the various scientific techniques such as correct season of sowing, seed treatment, pinching, water and nutrient management and plat protection measures at right time, the quality seeds of moringa could be produced. Good quality seeds   can be obtained by adopting proper harvesting, processing and grading and storage techniques in moringa.

REFERENCES

  1. Anjaneya murthy. J. N. and Regupathy A. (1992). Seasonal incidence of moringa fruit fly, Gitona sp., South Indian Horticulture 40:1, 43 48.
  2. Babu, S.C., and Rajasekaran, B. (1991). Agroforestry, altitude towards risk and nutrient availability: as case study of south Indian farming systems. Agrofor. Syst. 15: 1-15.
  3. Caceres, A., Cabrera, O., Morales, O., Mollinedo P and Mendia P 1991. Pharmacological properties of Moringa oleifera. 1: preliminary screening for antimicrobial activity. J. Ethnopharmacol. 33: 213-216.
  4. Gassenschmidt, U., Klans, D., Jarry D, Taucher B, Neebdergall H. 1995..Isolation and characterization of a floculating protein from Moringa oleifera Lam. Biochem. Biophys. Acta 24093: 477-481
  5. Jahn, S.A.A. 1991. The traditional domestication of a multipurpose tree Moringa stenopetala (Bak.f.) Cuf. in the Ethiopian Rift Valley. AMBIO 20: 244-247
  6. Jahn S.A.A., Mussad, H.A. and Burdstaller, H. (1986). The tree that purifies water. Cultivating multipurpose Moringaceae in the Sudan. Unasylva 152, 23-28
  7. Jahn, S.A.A. (1984). Effectiveness of traditional flocculants as primary coagulants and coagulant aids for the treatment of tropical raw water with more than a thousand fold fluctuation in turbidity. Water Supply (2 Special Subject) 6: 8-10.
  8. Kanthaswamy, (2006). Studies on phenology and floral biology in moringa oleifera. Inetrnat. J. Agric. Sci., 2 (2): 341-343.
  9. Khan F.W., Gul, P., and Malik, M.N. (1975). Chemical composition of oil from Moringa oleifera. The Pakistan Journal of Forestry 100-102.
  10. Mayer F.A. and Stelz, E. (1993). Moringa stenopetala provides food and low cost water purification. Agroforestry Today 5: 16-19.
  11. Muyibi S.A, and Evanson ,L.M. (1995). Optimising physical parameters affecting coagulation of turbid waters with Moringa oleifera seeds. Water Res. 29: 2689-2695.
  12. Nautiyal B.P, and Venkataraman K.G . (1987). Moringa (drumstick) - An ideal tree for social forestry: Growing conditions and uses - part 1. MYFOREST 23: 53-58
  13. Ndabigengesere, A, Narasiah K.S, and Talbot B.G. (1995). Active agents and mechanisms of coagulation of turbid waters using Moringa oleifera.Water Research, 29:703-710.
  14. Palanisamy, V., Balakrishnan K., Karivaratharaju T. V. and Arumugam. (1995). Influence of seed treatments and containers on the viability of annual moringa seeds, SIH 42-43.
  15. Peter. K.V. (1978). Drumstick A rare Indian tree. Indian Farmers Digest 11:12.
  16. Ragumoorthi, K.N and P.V. Subha Rao, (1998). IPM for moringa fruitfly Gitona distingia (Meigon) proc. I Nat. Symp. Pest Mgmnt. Hort crops. Bangalore.
  17. Rajakrishanamoorthy, V., Santhanabosu S., Duraisamy V.K. and Rajagopal A. (1994). Drip irrigation in annual moringa, Madras Agri. J 81(12) 678-679.
  18. Rajangam J., Azahakia Manavalan R. S., Thangaraj T., Vijayakumar A. and Muthukrishan, N. (2001). Status of production and utilisation of moringa in Southern India. Development potential for Moringa products October 29th - November 2nd, 2001, Dar es Salaam,Tanzania
  19. Ramachandran C, Peter K.V and Gopalakrishnana P.K. (1980). Drumstick (Moringa oleifera): A multipurpose Indian vegetable. Econ. Bot. 34:276-283.
  20. Seemanthani, B. (1964). A study of practices and problems in the cultivation of some perennial vegetables in Madras State, South Indian Horticulture, 12:1-7.
  21. Sivasubramanian. K. and C.P. Thiagarajan (1997). Storage potential of moringa seeds. Madras Agriculture Jour. 84 (10): 618-620.
  22. Suthanthirapandian, I. R., Sambandamurthy S., and Iralappan I. (1989). Variations in seedling population of annual moringa, South Indian Horticulture 35:5, 301-302.
  23. Vijayakumar .R. M. (2000). Studies on influence of months of sowing and growth regulation on annual moringa (Moringa ptergosperma Gaertn) Ph.D. Thesis, TNAU. India.
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    volume 35 issue 1 (march 2014) : 69-73,   Doi: 10.5958/j.0976-0741.35.1.009

    SCIENTIFIC SEED PRODUCTION TECHNIQUES IN MORINGA

    A
    A. Ramesh Kumar*
    M
    M. Prabhu
    V
    V. Ponnuswami
    V
    V. Lakshmanan
    A
    A. Nithyadevi
    1Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural College and Research Institute, TNAU, Tiruchirappalli- 620 009, India
    Cite article:- Kumar* Ramesh A., Prabhu M., Ponnuswami V., Lakshmanan V., Nithyadevi A. (2025). SCIENTIFIC SEED PRODUCTION TECHNIQUES IN MORINGA. Agricultural Reviews. 35(1): 69-73. doi: 10.5958/j.0976-0741.35.1.009.

    ABSTRACT

    Moringa oleifera, is native to India. The other related species are M. sternopetala, Moringa peregrine and Moringa drouhardii: There are two types of moringa viz., perennial and annual moringa. The improved annual moringa varieties are PKM-1 and  PKM-2. Besides, the known ecotypes are Jaffna moringa, Chavakacheri murungai, Chemmurungai (red tipped fruits), Kaadumurungai Palmurungai, Puna murungai and Kodikkal Murungai. Moringa is a cross pollinated vegetable crop. Flowering is throughout the year with the peak during October - November and April- May. The corresponding fruit production was during October and May. The pollen grains of drumstick are spherical with smooth exine and three germpores.  The stigma is receptive one day prior to opening and continued with maximum receptivity of 88 and 96 % in PKM1 and PKM 2 respectively. PKM 1 and 2 are annual type, propagated through seeds. By adopting the various scientific techniques such as correct season of sowing, seed treatment, pinching, water and nutrient management and plat protection measures at right time, the quality seeds of moringa could be produced. Good quality seeds   can be obtained by adopting proper harvesting, processing and grading and storage techniques in moringa.

    REFERENCES

    1. Anjaneya murthy. J. N. and Regupathy A. (1992). Seasonal incidence of moringa fruit fly, Gitona sp., South Indian Horticulture 40:1, 43 48.
    2. Babu, S.C., and Rajasekaran, B. (1991). Agroforestry, altitude towards risk and nutrient availability: as case study of south Indian farming systems. Agrofor. Syst. 15: 1-15.
    3. Caceres, A., Cabrera, O., Morales, O., Mollinedo P and Mendia P 1991. Pharmacological properties of Moringa oleifera. 1: preliminary screening for antimicrobial activity. J. Ethnopharmacol. 33: 213-216.
    4. Gassenschmidt, U., Klans, D., Jarry D, Taucher B, Neebdergall H. 1995..Isolation and characterization of a floculating protein from Moringa oleifera Lam. Biochem. Biophys. Acta 24093: 477-481
    5. Jahn, S.A.A. 1991. The traditional domestication of a multipurpose tree Moringa stenopetala (Bak.f.) Cuf. in the Ethiopian Rift Valley. AMBIO 20: 244-247
    6. Jahn S.A.A., Mussad, H.A. and Burdstaller, H. (1986). The tree that purifies water. Cultivating multipurpose Moringaceae in the Sudan. Unasylva 152, 23-28
    7. Jahn, S.A.A. (1984). Effectiveness of traditional flocculants as primary coagulants and coagulant aids for the treatment of tropical raw water with more than a thousand fold fluctuation in turbidity. Water Supply (2 Special Subject) 6: 8-10.
    8. Kanthaswamy, (2006). Studies on phenology and floral biology in moringa oleifera. Inetrnat. J. Agric. Sci., 2 (2): 341-343.
    9. Khan F.W., Gul, P., and Malik, M.N. (1975). Chemical composition of oil from Moringa oleifera. The Pakistan Journal of Forestry 100-102.
    10. Mayer F.A. and Stelz, E. (1993). Moringa stenopetala provides food and low cost water purification. Agroforestry Today 5: 16-19.
    11. Muyibi S.A, and Evanson ,L.M. (1995). Optimising physical parameters affecting coagulation of turbid waters with Moringa oleifera seeds. Water Res. 29: 2689-2695.
    12. Nautiyal B.P, and Venkataraman K.G . (1987). Moringa (drumstick) - An ideal tree for social forestry: Growing conditions and uses - part 1. MYFOREST 23: 53-58
    13. Ndabigengesere, A, Narasiah K.S, and Talbot B.G. (1995). Active agents and mechanisms of coagulation of turbid waters using Moringa oleifera.Water Research, 29:703-710.
    14. Palanisamy, V., Balakrishnan K., Karivaratharaju T. V. and Arumugam. (1995). Influence of seed treatments and containers on the viability of annual moringa seeds, SIH 42-43.
    15. Peter. K.V. (1978). Drumstick A rare Indian tree. Indian Farmers Digest 11:12.
    16. Ragumoorthi, K.N and P.V. Subha Rao, (1998). IPM for moringa fruitfly Gitona distingia (Meigon) proc. I Nat. Symp. Pest Mgmnt. Hort crops. Bangalore.
    17. Rajakrishanamoorthy, V., Santhanabosu S., Duraisamy V.K. and Rajagopal A. (1994). Drip irrigation in annual moringa, Madras Agri. J 81(12) 678-679.
    18. Rajangam J., Azahakia Manavalan R. S., Thangaraj T., Vijayakumar A. and Muthukrishan, N. (2001). Status of production and utilisation of moringa in Southern India. Development potential for Moringa products October 29th - November 2nd, 2001, Dar es Salaam,Tanzania
    19. Ramachandran C, Peter K.V and Gopalakrishnana P.K. (1980). Drumstick (Moringa oleifera): A multipurpose Indian vegetable. Econ. Bot. 34:276-283.
    20. Seemanthani, B. (1964). A study of practices and problems in the cultivation of some perennial vegetables in Madras State, South Indian Horticulture, 12:1-7.
    21. Sivasubramanian. K. and C.P. Thiagarajan (1997). Storage potential of moringa seeds. Madras Agriculture Jour. 84 (10): 618-620.
    22. Suthanthirapandian, I. R., Sambandamurthy S., and Iralappan I. (1989). Variations in seedling population of annual moringa, South Indian Horticulture 35:5, 301-302.
    23. Vijayakumar .R. M. (2000). Studies on influence of months of sowing and growth regulation on annual moringa (Moringa ptergosperma Gaertn) Ph.D. Thesis, TNAU. India.
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