volume 33 issue 4 (december 2012) : 301-306
GLOBAL ISSUE OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE: A ReVIEW
1Division of Veterinary Virology
Indian Veterinary Research Institute,, Izatnagar-243 122, India
ABSTRACT
Antimicrobial agents were considered ‘miracle drugs’ for treatment of infectious diseases till the emergence of global foe i.e. antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrobial resistance is natural phenomenon but it has hastened as a result of increased selection pressure on microorganisms due to irrational use of these miracle drugs. Now it has become a very significant public health issue because resistance levels in infectious agents have been worryingly high wherever studies have been conducted. This resistance is affecting patients and therapeutic outcomes, with concomitant economic consequences. A comprehensive, coordinated and collaborative global approach is needed to combat this global foe through rational use of antibiotics in human, veterinary and industrial sectors.
REFERENCES
- Alekshun, M.N. and Levy, S.B. (2007). Molecular mechanisms of antibacterial multidrug resistance. Cell 128:1037-50.
- Chanishvili, N., Chanishvili, T., Tediashvili, M. and Barrow, P.A. (2001). Phages and their application against drug- resistant bacteria. J. Chem. Technol. Biot. 76(7): 689–699.
- Christiansen, K. (2007). Antimicrobial resistance– a public health issue? Microbiology Australia 28(4):165-167.
- Gilbert, G.L. (2007). A resistant culture-‘superbugs’ in Australian hospitals. Microbiology Australia 28(4): 182-185.
- Girou, E., Legrand, P. and Soing-Altrach, S. (2006). Association between hand hygiene compliance and methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus prevalence in a French rehabilitation hospital. Infect. Cont. Hosp. Ep. 27(10): 1128–1130.
- Gottlieb, T. and Cheong, E. (2007). An overview of emerging community based antimicrobial resistance. Microbiology Australia 28(4): 186-190.
- Larsson, D.G. and Fick, J. (2009). Transparency throughout the production chain — a way to reduce pollution from the manufacturing of pharmaceuticals? Regul. Toxicol. Pharm. 53(3): 161–163.
- Li, X. and Nikadio, H. (2009). Efflux-Mediated Drug Resistance in Bacteria: an Update. Drugs 69(12): 1555–1623.
- Mathew, A.G., Cissell, R. and Liamthong, S. (2007). Antibiotic resistance in bacteria associated with food animals: a United States perspective of livestock production. Foodborne Pathog. Dis. 4(2): 115–133.
- Menabde, N. (2011). Antimicrobial Resistance theme for World Health Day 2011. WHO Report. Retrived on 20 April, 2012 from http://whoindia.org/LinkFiles/WHD_ 2011_WHD_2011_Presentation.pdf.
- Pechere, J.C. (2001). Patients’ interviews and misuse of antibiotics. Clin. Infect. Dis. 33(3): S170–173.
- Raghunath, D. (2008). Emerging antibiotic resistance in bacteria with special reference to India. J. Biosciences 33(4): 593–603.
- Simonsen, G.S., Tapsall, J.W. and Allegranzi, B. (2004). The ARCS Approach – A Public Health Tool for antimicrobial resistance containment and surveillance. Bulletin of World Health Organization 82: 928-934.
- Strausbaugh, L.J., Crossley, K.B., Nurse, B.A. and Thrupp, L.D. (1996). SHEA Long-Term-Care Committee. Antimicrobial resistance in long-term-care facilities. Infect. Cont. Hosp. Ep.17: 129-140.
- Swoboda, S.M., Earsing, K., Strauss, K., Lane, S. and Lipsett, P.A. (2004). Electronic monitoring and voice prompts improve hand hygiene and decrease nosocomial infections in an intermediate care unit. Crit. Care Med. 32(2): 358–63.
- Tapsall, J. (2007). Recent World Health Organization initiatives for antimicrobial resistance control. Microbiology Australia 28(4):154-156.
- Tenover, F.C. (2006). Mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria. Am. J. Med. 119(6): S3–S10.
- The Times of India news report (2011). ‘Jaipur Declaration’ to combat anti-microbial resistance. Sep 7, 2011.
- Thomas, J.K., Forrest, A. and Bhavnani, S.M. (1998). Pharmacodynamic evaluation of factors associated with the development of bacterial resistance in acutely ill patients during therapy. Antimicrob. Agents. Ch. 42(3): 521–527.
- Walker, R.D. (2000). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and interpretation of results. In: Antimicrobial Therapy in Veterinary Medicine, Prescott, J.F., Baggot, J.D. and Walker R.D., eds. Ames, IA, Iowa State University Press, 12–26.
- World Health Organization (WHO) (2011). Combat Antimicrobial Resistance: World Health Day 2011. Retrived on 20 April, 2012 from http://www.who.int/world-health-day/2011/WHD201_FS_EN.pdf.
Disclaimer :
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Copyright :
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Published In
Agricultural Reviews
Article Metrics
0
Views
Citations
Reviewed By
In this Article
APC
APC cover the cost of turning a manuscript into a published manuscript through peer-review process, editorial work as well as the cost of hosting, distributing, indexing and promoting the manuscript.
Publish With US
Submit your manuscript through user friendly platform and acquire the maximum impact for your research by publishing with ARCC Journals.
Become a Reviewer/Member
Join our esteemed reviewers panel and become an editorial board member with international experts in the domain of numerous specializations.
Open Access
Filling the gap between research and communication ARCC provide Open Access of all journals which empower research community in all the ways which is accessible to all.
Products and Services
We provide prime quality of services to assist you select right product of your requirement.
Support and Policies
Finest policies are designed to ensure world class support to our authors, members and readers. Our efficient team provides best possible support for you.
