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Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive

volume 23 issue 4 (december 2002) : :289-294

GREEN MANURES IN RICE BASED CROPPING SYSTEMS - A REVIEW

R
R. Kalpana
S
S. Mythili
D
D.E. Shekinah
1Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641003, India

  • Submitted|

  • First Online |

  • doi

Cite article:- Kalpana R., Mythili S., Shekinah D.E. (2025). GREEN MANURES IN RICE BASED CROPPING SYSTEMS - A REVIEW. Agricultural Reviews. 23(4): :289-294. doi: .

ABSTRACT

Although fertilizer use is probably the easiest means of counteracting the pace of nutrient depletion, the spiraling cost, wide occurrence of multi-nutrient deficiencies and environmental degradation from inefficient use of fertilizers warrant the use of alternate sources atleast as supplement though not as substitute. Green manures seem to be an attractive alternate source to meet a substantial portion of the rice N requirement and provide organic matter to wetland rice soils. N substitution of 60–100 kg N ha−1 has been obtained by green manuring to rice. Yield responses of high yielding rice cultivars to green manures in India ranged from 0.65 to 3.1 t ha−1. An increase in soil nitrate ranging from 73 to 223 kg N ha−1 within a period of 90 days of greengram cropping. The use of green manures for improving the soil productivity and as a source of N has been recognized from early times in rice growing areas. The research findings on the effect of green manuring on rice yield, N economy and soil fertility have been reviewed.

KEYWORDS

    REFERENCES

    1. Abrol, J.P. and Palaniappan, S.P. (1988). In: Green Manure in Rice Farming. IRRI, Manila, Philippines, pp. 71-82.
    2. Arunin, S. et al. (1988). In: Green Manure in Rice Farming. IRRI, Manila, Philippines, pp. 83-95.
    3. Azam, F. (1990). Bio!. Fertil. Soils. 9: 235-238.
    4. Beri, V. eta!' (1989). Trop. Agric. 66: 209-213.
    5. Bhagat, R.M. et a!. (1988). Oryza. 25: 255-260. .
    6. Bharadwaj, KKR. and Dev. S.P. (1985). Trop. Agric. 62: 233-236.
    7. Bhattacharyya, K. and MandaI, S.R. (1997). lRRN 22(1): 41.
    8. Bouldin, DR (1988). In: Green Manure in Rice Farming. IRRI, Manila, Philippines. pp. 155-172.
    9. Buresh, R.J. and DeDatta, SK (1991). Adv. Agron. 45: 1-59.
    10. Chakravorthi, S.P. eta!. (1989). Oryza. 26: 196-198.
    11. Chavan,L.S. eta!. (1996).lRRN 21(2-3): 70-71.
    12. Das, N.R. and Datta, B. (1992).IRRN 17(2): 20.
    13. 294 AGRICULTURAL REVIEWS
    14. Das, R. etal (1995). fRRN 20(3): 20.
    15. Devi, C.R.S. et al (1997). fRRN 22(1): 35.
    16. Dhane, S.S. eta/. (1995). fRRN 20(4): 16.
    17. Diekmann, KH. (1990t Ph.D Thesis, Justus Liebig Univ. Giessen, FRG.
    18. Diekmann, KH. and DeDatta, SK (1990). /RRN 15(3):22.
    19. Dreyfus, B.G. etal. (1985). MfRCENJ. 1: 11-12.
    20. Dreyfus, B.L. and Dommergues, Y.R. (1981). FEMSMicrobiol Letter. 10: 313-317.
    21. Dreyfus, B,L. et a/. (1984). In: New and Unusual Microorganisms lmd Niches. Aineric~.soc. Microbiol. Washington,
    22. bc, pp. 161-169. . . .
    23. Garrity, D.P. and Ainn, J.C. (1988). In: Green Manure in Rice Farming, IRRI, M-dhila, Philippines. pp~·1'11-129.
    24. Ghai, SK et a/. (1988). Biol Fertil Soils. 6: 22-23. .
    25. Gupta, OK and Gupta, J.P. (1997).IRRN 22(2): 35-36
    26. Halepyati, A.S. and Sheelavantar, M.N. (1990). Orissa J. Agric. Res. 3: 27-30.
    27. HarQon, AR.M. eta/. (1992)./RRN 17(2): 19-20.
    28. IRRI. (1988). Annual report for 1987, Los Banos, Philippines. pp.480-497.
    29. Khind, C.S. eta/. (1985). IRRN 10(4): 26-27.
    30. Khind, C.S. eta/. (1991). fRRN 16(2): 18.
    31. Kumar, K eta/. (1992). IRRN 17(4): 16.
    32. Ladha, JK et a/. (1988). In: Green Manure in Rice Farming. IRRI, Manila, Philippines. pp. 165-183.
    33. Meelu, O.P. and Morris, R.A (1986). PhiUppineJ. Crop Sci. 11: 53-59.
    34. Mishra, VK and Sharma, R.B. (199~. J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci. 41: 84-88.
    35. Nagarajah, S. (1988). In: Green ~anure-in Rice Farming. IRRI, Manila, Phil:ppines. pp. 194-208.
    36. Nagarajan, R., eta/. (2000). MadrasAgric. J. 87(4-6): 186-190.
    37. Nazemi, D. eta/. (1995). IRRN 20(3): 18-19.
    38. Palaniappan, S.P. et a/. (1976). Sorghum Newsletter. 19: 86.
    39. Palaniappan, S.P. et a/. (1991). In: INSURF Planning Workshop Meeting held at Bali, Indonesia.
    40. Pandey, P.C. et al (1995). IRim 20(1): 22-23.
    41. Ponnamperuma, EN. (1965). In: Mineral Nutrition of the Rice Plant. John Hopkins Press, Maryland. pp. 295-328.
    42. Porpavai, S. etal (1996). IRRN 21(2-3): 72.
    43. Rabindra, B. eta/. (1989). fRRN 14(2): 29.
    44. Rajeswari, C. (1990). M.Sc. (Ag.) Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
    45. Raju, RA and Reddy, KA (1991). IndianJ. Agron. 36: 583-584.
    46. Ranjan, AS. and Kothandaraman, G.v. (1986). In: Rockphosphate in Agriculture. Tamil Nadu Agricultural University,
    47. Coimbatore. pp. 161-168.
    48. Rinaudo, G.B. etal (1982). In: Biological Nitrogen Fixing Technology for Tropical Agricultl.re, CIAT, Cali, Colombia,
    49. pp.441-445.
    50. Sahoo, S. and Datta, BK (1997). fRRN 22(1): 40.
    51. Sanyasi Raju, N. (1952). Madras Agric J. 39: 130-121"1.
    52. Saravana Pandian, P. and Perumal Rani. (2000). Madras Agric. J. 87: 217-222.
    53. Sethi, R.L. et a/. (1952). Manuring of Rice in India. Bulletin 38, ICAR, New Delhi.
    54. Sharma, AR. and Mittra, B.N. (1988). J. Agric. Sci. 110(3): 605-608.
    55. Sharma, J.C. and Kuhad, M.S. (1993). IRRN 18(3): 28-29.
    56. Singh, NT. (1984). In: Organic Matter and Rice, IRRI, Manila, Philippines, pp. 217-227
    57. Singh, S. et a/. (1990). Biol Fertil Soils. 9: 235-,238.
    58. Singh, G.R. eta/. (1999)./RRN 24(3): 25.
    59. Singh, AK et al (2000). Indian J. Agron. 45(2): 217-222.
    60. Singh, S. and Rai, R.N. '(1973). J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci. 21: 271-276.
    61. Somasundaram, E. (1991). M.Sc. (Ag.) Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
    62. Stangel, P.J. and DeDatta, SK (1985). Proc. Intern. Rice Res. Conference, IRRI, Philippines.
    63. Sudjadi, M. et a/. (1989). In: Nutrient Management for Food Crop Production in Tropical Farming Systems, Haren,
    64. Netherlands, Institute of Soil Fertility. pp. 95-107.
    65. Takkar, P.N. and Nayyar, V.K (1986). Proc. Sem. Growth and Modernization of Fertilizer Industry. FAI, New Delhi.
    66. Thakur, R.B. (1991). fRRN. 16(3): 21.
    67. Thakur, R.B. etal (1999)./ndianJ. Agron. 44: 664-668.
    68. Torres, R.O. etal (1988). PhilippineJ. Crop Sci. 13: 91-98.
    69. Wen Qixiao and Yu Tiarren (1988). In: Green Manure in Rice Farming. IRRI, Manila, Philippines, pp. 274-286.
    70. Westcott. M.P. and Mikkelsen, D.S. (1987). Agron. J 79: 932-943.
    71. Yadvinder Singh, eta/. (1991). Adv. Agron. 45: 135-190
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      volume 23 issue 4 (december 2002) : :289-294

      GREEN MANURES IN RICE BASED CROPPING SYSTEMS - A REVIEW

      R
      R. Kalpana
      S
      S. Mythili
      D
      D.E. Shekinah
      1Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641003, India

      • Submitted|

      • First Online |

      • doi

      Cite article:- Kalpana R., Mythili S., Shekinah D.E. (2025). GREEN MANURES IN RICE BASED CROPPING SYSTEMS - A REVIEW. Agricultural Reviews. 23(4): :289-294. doi: .

      ABSTRACT

      Although fertilizer use is probably the easiest means of counteracting the pace of nutrient depletion, the spiraling cost, wide occurrence of multi-nutrient deficiencies and environmental degradation from inefficient use of fertilizers warrant the use of alternate sources atleast as supplement though not as substitute. Green manures seem to be an attractive alternate source to meet a substantial portion of the rice N requirement and provide organic matter to wetland rice soils. N substitution of 60–100 kg N ha−1 has been obtained by green manuring to rice. Yield responses of high yielding rice cultivars to green manures in India ranged from 0.65 to 3.1 t ha−1. An increase in soil nitrate ranging from 73 to 223 kg N ha−1 within a period of 90 days of greengram cropping. The use of green manures for improving the soil productivity and as a source of N has been recognized from early times in rice growing areas. The research findings on the effect of green manuring on rice yield, N economy and soil fertility have been reviewed.

      KEYWORDS

        REFERENCES

        1. Abrol, J.P. and Palaniappan, S.P. (1988). In: Green Manure in Rice Farming. IRRI, Manila, Philippines, pp. 71-82.
        2. Arunin, S. et al. (1988). In: Green Manure in Rice Farming. IRRI, Manila, Philippines, pp. 83-95.
        3. Azam, F. (1990). Bio!. Fertil. Soils. 9: 235-238.
        4. Beri, V. eta!' (1989). Trop. Agric. 66: 209-213.
        5. Bhagat, R.M. et a!. (1988). Oryza. 25: 255-260. .
        6. Bharadwaj, KKR. and Dev. S.P. (1985). Trop. Agric. 62: 233-236.
        7. Bhattacharyya, K. and MandaI, S.R. (1997). lRRN 22(1): 41.
        8. Bouldin, DR (1988). In: Green Manure in Rice Farming. IRRI, Manila, Philippines. pp. 155-172.
        9. Buresh, R.J. and DeDatta, SK (1991). Adv. Agron. 45: 1-59.
        10. Chakravorthi, S.P. eta!. (1989). Oryza. 26: 196-198.
        11. Chavan,L.S. eta!. (1996).lRRN 21(2-3): 70-71.
        12. Das, N.R. and Datta, B. (1992).IRRN 17(2): 20.
        13. 294 AGRICULTURAL REVIEWS
        14. Das, R. etal (1995). fRRN 20(3): 20.
        15. Devi, C.R.S. et al (1997). fRRN 22(1): 35.
        16. Dhane, S.S. eta/. (1995). fRRN 20(4): 16.
        17. Diekmann, KH. (1990t Ph.D Thesis, Justus Liebig Univ. Giessen, FRG.
        18. Diekmann, KH. and DeDatta, SK (1990). /RRN 15(3):22.
        19. Dreyfus, B.G. etal. (1985). MfRCENJ. 1: 11-12.
        20. Dreyfus, B.L. and Dommergues, Y.R. (1981). FEMSMicrobiol Letter. 10: 313-317.
        21. Dreyfus, B,L. et a/. (1984). In: New and Unusual Microorganisms lmd Niches. Aineric~.soc. Microbiol. Washington,
        22. bc, pp. 161-169. . . .
        23. Garrity, D.P. and Ainn, J.C. (1988). In: Green Manure in Rice Farming, IRRI, M-dhila, Philippines. pp~·1'11-129.
        24. Ghai, SK et a/. (1988). Biol Fertil Soils. 6: 22-23. .
        25. Gupta, OK and Gupta, J.P. (1997).IRRN 22(2): 35-36
        26. Halepyati, A.S. and Sheelavantar, M.N. (1990). Orissa J. Agric. Res. 3: 27-30.
        27. HarQon, AR.M. eta/. (1992)./RRN 17(2): 19-20.
        28. IRRI. (1988). Annual report for 1987, Los Banos, Philippines. pp.480-497.
        29. Khind, C.S. eta/. (1985). IRRN 10(4): 26-27.
        30. Khind, C.S. eta/. (1991). fRRN 16(2): 18.
        31. Kumar, K eta/. (1992). IRRN 17(4): 16.
        32. Ladha, JK et a/. (1988). In: Green Manure in Rice Farming. IRRI, Manila, Philippines. pp. 165-183.
        33. Meelu, O.P. and Morris, R.A (1986). PhiUppineJ. Crop Sci. 11: 53-59.
        34. Mishra, VK and Sharma, R.B. (199~. J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci. 41: 84-88.
        35. Nagarajah, S. (1988). In: Green ~anure-in Rice Farming. IRRI, Manila, Phil:ppines. pp. 194-208.
        36. Nagarajan, R., eta/. (2000). MadrasAgric. J. 87(4-6): 186-190.
        37. Nazemi, D. eta/. (1995). IRRN 20(3): 18-19.
        38. Palaniappan, S.P. et a/. (1976). Sorghum Newsletter. 19: 86.
        39. Palaniappan, S.P. et a/. (1991). In: INSURF Planning Workshop Meeting held at Bali, Indonesia.
        40. Pandey, P.C. et al (1995). IRim 20(1): 22-23.
        41. Ponnamperuma, EN. (1965). In: Mineral Nutrition of the Rice Plant. John Hopkins Press, Maryland. pp. 295-328.
        42. Porpavai, S. etal (1996). IRRN 21(2-3): 72.
        43. Rabindra, B. eta/. (1989). fRRN 14(2): 29.
        44. Rajeswari, C. (1990). M.Sc. (Ag.) Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
        45. Raju, RA and Reddy, KA (1991). IndianJ. Agron. 36: 583-584.
        46. Ranjan, AS. and Kothandaraman, G.v. (1986). In: Rockphosphate in Agriculture. Tamil Nadu Agricultural University,
        47. Coimbatore. pp. 161-168.
        48. Rinaudo, G.B. etal (1982). In: Biological Nitrogen Fixing Technology for Tropical Agricultl.re, CIAT, Cali, Colombia,
        49. pp.441-445.
        50. Sahoo, S. and Datta, BK (1997). fRRN 22(1): 40.
        51. Sanyasi Raju, N. (1952). Madras Agric J. 39: 130-121"1.
        52. Saravana Pandian, P. and Perumal Rani. (2000). Madras Agric. J. 87: 217-222.
        53. Sethi, R.L. et a/. (1952). Manuring of Rice in India. Bulletin 38, ICAR, New Delhi.
        54. Sharma, AR. and Mittra, B.N. (1988). J. Agric. Sci. 110(3): 605-608.
        55. Sharma, J.C. and Kuhad, M.S. (1993). IRRN 18(3): 28-29.
        56. Singh, NT. (1984). In: Organic Matter and Rice, IRRI, Manila, Philippines, pp. 217-227
        57. Singh, S. et a/. (1990). Biol Fertil Soils. 9: 235-,238.
        58. Singh, G.R. eta/. (1999)./RRN 24(3): 25.
        59. Singh, AK et al (2000). Indian J. Agron. 45(2): 217-222.
        60. Singh, S. and Rai, R.N. '(1973). J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci. 21: 271-276.
        61. Somasundaram, E. (1991). M.Sc. (Ag.) Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
        62. Stangel, P.J. and DeDatta, SK (1985). Proc. Intern. Rice Res. Conference, IRRI, Philippines.
        63. Sudjadi, M. et a/. (1989). In: Nutrient Management for Food Crop Production in Tropical Farming Systems, Haren,
        64. Netherlands, Institute of Soil Fertility. pp. 95-107.
        65. Takkar, P.N. and Nayyar, V.K (1986). Proc. Sem. Growth and Modernization of Fertilizer Industry. FAI, New Delhi.
        66. Thakur, R.B. (1991). fRRN. 16(3): 21.
        67. Thakur, R.B. etal (1999)./ndianJ. Agron. 44: 664-668.
        68. Torres, R.O. etal (1988). PhilippineJ. Crop Sci. 13: 91-98.
        69. Wen Qixiao and Yu Tiarren (1988). In: Green Manure in Rice Farming. IRRI, Manila, Philippines, pp. 274-286.
        70. Westcott. M.P. and Mikkelsen, D.S. (1987). Agron. J 79: 932-943.
        71. Yadvinder Singh, eta/. (1991). Adv. Agron. 45: 135-190
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