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volume 26 issue 1 (march 2005) : 50 - 58

CHARACTERISTICS OF SOILS PRONE TO IRON TOXICITY AND MANAGEMENT - A REVIEW

S
S. Suresh
1Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Agricultural College and Research Institute. Killikulam - 628 252, India

  • Submitted|

  • First Online |

  • doi

Cite article:- Suresh S. (2025). CHARACTERISTICS OF SOILS PRONE TO IRON TOXICITY AND MANAGEMENT - A REVIEW. Agricultural Reviews. 26(1): 50 - 58. doi: .

ABSTRACT

Iron toxicity is a yield decreasing physiological disorder ascribed to the excessive uptake of Fe and sometime together with Mn ascribed to young acid sulphate soils, alluvial or colluvial clayey soils mainly acidic. The symptoms vary with the crop and the intensity is decided by the situation and mainly deficiency of P, K, Ca, Mg and Zn. In rice it is characterized by a reddish brown mottling (bronzing) or in some cultivars, oranging or yellowing spreading downwards from the tips of the older leaves followed by the drying of the leaves. Roots are scanty, coarse and often dark brown due to the coatings of ferric oxide. Incase of banana the toxicity of Fe causes marginal blackening followed by necrosis of the leaves. Planting tolerant varieties in Fe toxic soils is a cheap way to overcome the problem. The application of lime and balanced fertilization with the deficient nutrients mitigate iron toxicity

KEYWORDS

    REFERENCES

    1. Aime Lala, R. (1990). Ph.D Thesis, University of Philippines at Los Banos.
    2. Antyyantaro, S. and Siamet D.M. (1991). Agrikam., 6: 85-88.
    3. Anonymous (1977). Annual Report, International Rice Research h."titute, Los Banos, Laguna.
    4. Anonymous (1987). Annual report, International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Languna.
    5. Anonymous (1988), Banana News., 11: 19-21.
    6. Benckiser et al. (1982). Int. Rice Res. Paper Series No. 85. Int. Rice Res. Institute, Los Banos, Philippines.
    7. Benckiser, G. et al. (1984). Pl. Soil, 79: 305-316.
    8. Beragohasi, R. and Shanmugavelu K.G. (1986). Banana Newsl., 9: 19-23.
    9. Vol. 26, No. 1,2005 57
    10. Burlbey, Z. et aJ. (1990). Presiding Pengelolaan Sawah Bukaan Baru menujang Swasembada Pangan dan
    11. Program Transmigrasi, Padang, 17-18. Sep., 1990.
    12. Dumas, J. and Martin Prevel, P. (1985). Preliminary results d'outre mer., 13:376-386. Hort. Abstr., 29: 1980.
    13. Elsy, C.R. et al. (1994). Oryza., 31: 67-68.
    14. Gunawardena, S. (1981). In: Int. Rice Research Conference, IRRI, Los Banos, Laguna. April 27 to May I,
    15. Philippines.
    16. Ismunadji, M. and Ardjasa, W.S. (1989). In: Seminar Bogor Research Institute for food crops, Bogor, Indonesia.
    17. Feb. 13-14.
    18. Ismunadji, M. et al. (1989). In: Int. Symp. on rice production on acid soils of the tropic, Kandy, Sri Lanka, 26-30,
    19. June.
    20. Jugsujinda, A. and Patrick, W.H. Jr. (1993). PI. Soil, 152: 237-243.
    21. Lahav, E. and Turner, DW. (1988). Banana Nutrition. Plant Bulletin No.7. Int. Potash. Institute, Berne, Switzerland,
    22. pp 127.
    23. Lantin, R.S. and Neue, H.U. (1988). In: 17'h Irrigated Rice Meetings, Brazil, 26-30 Sep.
    24. Makerim, AK et al. (1991). In: Rice Production of Acid Soils of the Tropics. (Detrurck, P. and Ponnamperuma,
    25. EN. eds.), Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Srilanka.
    26. Moore, P.A. Jr. and Patrick, W.H. Jr. (1989). Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 53: 471-476.
    27. Mukherjee, SKand Basu, S.N. (1971). J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 19: 197-202.
    28. Ottow, J.C.G. (1981). In: Proc. Symp. Paddy soil. lost. of Soil Sci., (Academia Sinia ed.), Science Press, Beijing & Spring & Springer Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg, New York, pp 330-343.
    29. Ottow, J.C.G. et a/. (1983). Trop. Agric., 60: 101-106. .
    30. Ottow, J.C.G. et a/. (1991). Strategies to alleviate iron toxicity of wet land rice on acid sulphate soils. In:Rice
    31. production on acid soils ofthe tropics. (Deturk, P. and Ponnamperuma, P.N. eds). Institute of Fundamental
    32. Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka, pp. 186.
    33. Patil, J.D. and Patil, N.D. (1981). J. Maharashtra. Agric. Univ., 6: 185-188.
    34. Patrick, W.H. Jr. and Jugsujinda, A. (1992). Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 56: 1071-1073.
    35. Patra, B.N. and Mohanty, SK (1994). BioI Fertile. Soils., 17: 285-288.
    36. Ponnamperuma, EN. (1958). IRC Newsl., 1: 10-13.
    37. Ponnamperuma, EN. (1976). In: Proc. of Workshop on Plant Adaptation to Mineral Stress in Problem Soils,
    38. Beltsville, Maryland, 22-23, Nov., p.341-353.
    39. Ponnamperuma, EN. (1981). In: Int. Programme Review. IRRI, Los Banos, Philippines.
    40. Ponnamperuma, EN. and Solivas, J.L. (1982). In : Proc. of Bangkok Symp. on Acid Sulphate Soils. (Dost, H. and
    41. Van Breemen, N. eds). Int. Inst. for Land Reclamation and Improvement, Wageningen.
    42. Ponnamperuma, EN. and Lantin, R.S. (1985). In : Proc. Int. Rice Res. Conference, IRRI, Los Banos, Philippines.
    43. Ravichandran, R. (1987). M.Sc. (Ag.) Thesis. Tamil Nadu Agric. Univ., Coimbatore.
    44. Reynolds, R. and Langenegger, W. (1985). Nitrogen requirements of bananas. Information Bulletin, Citrus and
    45. Subtropical Fruits Research Institute, No. 151: 9-11.
    46. Sahrawat et al. (2000). Oryza., 37: 44-47.
    47. Sahu, SK and Mitra, G.N. (1992). J. Pot. Res., 8: 311-319.
    48. Shanmugavelu, K.G. et aJ. (1992). Banana: Taxonomy, Breeding and Production Technology. Metropolination
    49. Book Co. Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi- 110002, India, pp.330.
    50. Shukla, U.C and Singh, R. (1973). J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 21: 35-40.
    51. Singh, B.P. et a/. (1992a). J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 40: 326-328.
    52. Singh, B.P. et al. (1992b). Int .Rice Res. NewsJ., 17: 18.
    53. Singh, B.P. et al. (1993). Ann. Agric. Res., 14: 100·102.
    54. Singh, B.P. et al. (1994). Ann. Agric. Res., 15: 81-84.
    55. Singh, B.P and Singh. B.N. (1988). Indian J. Agric. Sci., 58: 851.·
    56. Sir'gh, B.P et al. (1992a). J Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 40: 326-328.
    57. Swarup, A. (1982). PI. Soil., 66: 37-43.
    58. Tahir, A. and Misra, M. (1984). Control of iron tOXicity on newly opened paddy fields. Contribution. Sukarami Res.
    59. Inst. for food crops, m 4: 3-6 (In Indonesia).
    60. Tanaka, A. and Yoshida, S. (1970). Nutritional Disorders of the Rice Plant in Asia. IRRI Technical Bulletin., 10: 51.
    61. Van Breeman, N. and Moormann, F.R. (1978). Iron Toxic Soils. In: Soils and Rice. International Rice Research
    62. Institute, Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines. pp781-800.
    63. Viswanath Setty, Y. et al. (1995). Mysore J. Agric. Sci., 29: 22·26. 58 AGRICULTURAL REVIEWS
    64. Yesril, B.D. (1989). Pemupukan NPK, kapur dan hara mikro sawah kerakunan besi. Laperum HasH Penelitian balittan Sukkrami, M.J. 1988-1989, 97p.
    65. Yoshida, S. (1981). Fundamentals of Rice Crop Science. Inti. Rice. Res. Inst., Los Banos, Philippines, 269p.
    66. Yu, T. (1976). Oxidation - reduction processes in soils (in Chinese). In: Soils of China, Science Press, Beijing, pp. 345-359.
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      volume 26 issue 1 (march 2005) : 50 - 58

      CHARACTERISTICS OF SOILS PRONE TO IRON TOXICITY AND MANAGEMENT - A REVIEW

      S
      S. Suresh
      1Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Agricultural College and Research Institute. Killikulam - 628 252, India

      • Submitted|

      • First Online |

      • doi

      Cite article:- Suresh S. (2025). CHARACTERISTICS OF SOILS PRONE TO IRON TOXICITY AND MANAGEMENT - A REVIEW. Agricultural Reviews. 26(1): 50 - 58. doi: .

      ABSTRACT

      Iron toxicity is a yield decreasing physiological disorder ascribed to the excessive uptake of Fe and sometime together with Mn ascribed to young acid sulphate soils, alluvial or colluvial clayey soils mainly acidic. The symptoms vary with the crop and the intensity is decided by the situation and mainly deficiency of P, K, Ca, Mg and Zn. In rice it is characterized by a reddish brown mottling (bronzing) or in some cultivars, oranging or yellowing spreading downwards from the tips of the older leaves followed by the drying of the leaves. Roots are scanty, coarse and often dark brown due to the coatings of ferric oxide. Incase of banana the toxicity of Fe causes marginal blackening followed by necrosis of the leaves. Planting tolerant varieties in Fe toxic soils is a cheap way to overcome the problem. The application of lime and balanced fertilization with the deficient nutrients mitigate iron toxicity

      KEYWORDS

        REFERENCES

        1. Aime Lala, R. (1990). Ph.D Thesis, University of Philippines at Los Banos.
        2. Antyyantaro, S. and Siamet D.M. (1991). Agrikam., 6: 85-88.
        3. Anonymous (1977). Annual Report, International Rice Research h."titute, Los Banos, Laguna.
        4. Anonymous (1987). Annual report, International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Languna.
        5. Anonymous (1988), Banana News., 11: 19-21.
        6. Benckiser et al. (1982). Int. Rice Res. Paper Series No. 85. Int. Rice Res. Institute, Los Banos, Philippines.
        7. Benckiser, G. et al. (1984). Pl. Soil, 79: 305-316.
        8. Beragohasi, R. and Shanmugavelu K.G. (1986). Banana Newsl., 9: 19-23.
        9. Vol. 26, No. 1,2005 57
        10. Burlbey, Z. et aJ. (1990). Presiding Pengelolaan Sawah Bukaan Baru menujang Swasembada Pangan dan
        11. Program Transmigrasi, Padang, 17-18. Sep., 1990.
        12. Dumas, J. and Martin Prevel, P. (1985). Preliminary results d'outre mer., 13:376-386. Hort. Abstr., 29: 1980.
        13. Elsy, C.R. et al. (1994). Oryza., 31: 67-68.
        14. Gunawardena, S. (1981). In: Int. Rice Research Conference, IRRI, Los Banos, Laguna. April 27 to May I,
        15. Philippines.
        16. Ismunadji, M. and Ardjasa, W.S. (1989). In: Seminar Bogor Research Institute for food crops, Bogor, Indonesia.
        17. Feb. 13-14.
        18. Ismunadji, M. et al. (1989). In: Int. Symp. on rice production on acid soils of the tropic, Kandy, Sri Lanka, 26-30,
        19. June.
        20. Jugsujinda, A. and Patrick, W.H. Jr. (1993). PI. Soil, 152: 237-243.
        21. Lahav, E. and Turner, DW. (1988). Banana Nutrition. Plant Bulletin No.7. Int. Potash. Institute, Berne, Switzerland,
        22. pp 127.
        23. Lantin, R.S. and Neue, H.U. (1988). In: 17'h Irrigated Rice Meetings, Brazil, 26-30 Sep.
        24. Makerim, AK et al. (1991). In: Rice Production of Acid Soils of the Tropics. (Detrurck, P. and Ponnamperuma,
        25. EN. eds.), Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Srilanka.
        26. Moore, P.A. Jr. and Patrick, W.H. Jr. (1989). Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 53: 471-476.
        27. Mukherjee, SKand Basu, S.N. (1971). J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 19: 197-202.
        28. Ottow, J.C.G. (1981). In: Proc. Symp. Paddy soil. lost. of Soil Sci., (Academia Sinia ed.), Science Press, Beijing & Spring & Springer Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg, New York, pp 330-343.
        29. Ottow, J.C.G. et a/. (1983). Trop. Agric., 60: 101-106. .
        30. Ottow, J.C.G. et a/. (1991). Strategies to alleviate iron toxicity of wet land rice on acid sulphate soils. In:Rice
        31. production on acid soils ofthe tropics. (Deturk, P. and Ponnamperuma, P.N. eds). Institute of Fundamental
        32. Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka, pp. 186.
        33. Patil, J.D. and Patil, N.D. (1981). J. Maharashtra. Agric. Univ., 6: 185-188.
        34. Patrick, W.H. Jr. and Jugsujinda, A. (1992). Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 56: 1071-1073.
        35. Patra, B.N. and Mohanty, SK (1994). BioI Fertile. Soils., 17: 285-288.
        36. Ponnamperuma, EN. (1958). IRC Newsl., 1: 10-13.
        37. Ponnamperuma, EN. (1976). In: Proc. of Workshop on Plant Adaptation to Mineral Stress in Problem Soils,
        38. Beltsville, Maryland, 22-23, Nov., p.341-353.
        39. Ponnamperuma, EN. (1981). In: Int. Programme Review. IRRI, Los Banos, Philippines.
        40. Ponnamperuma, EN. and Solivas, J.L. (1982). In : Proc. of Bangkok Symp. on Acid Sulphate Soils. (Dost, H. and
        41. Van Breemen, N. eds). Int. Inst. for Land Reclamation and Improvement, Wageningen.
        42. Ponnamperuma, EN. and Lantin, R.S. (1985). In : Proc. Int. Rice Res. Conference, IRRI, Los Banos, Philippines.
        43. Ravichandran, R. (1987). M.Sc. (Ag.) Thesis. Tamil Nadu Agric. Univ., Coimbatore.
        44. Reynolds, R. and Langenegger, W. (1985). Nitrogen requirements of bananas. Information Bulletin, Citrus and
        45. Subtropical Fruits Research Institute, No. 151: 9-11.
        46. Sahrawat et al. (2000). Oryza., 37: 44-47.
        47. Sahu, SK and Mitra, G.N. (1992). J. Pot. Res., 8: 311-319.
        48. Shanmugavelu, K.G. et aJ. (1992). Banana: Taxonomy, Breeding and Production Technology. Metropolination
        49. Book Co. Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi- 110002, India, pp.330.
        50. Shukla, U.C and Singh, R. (1973). J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 21: 35-40.
        51. Singh, B.P. et a/. (1992a). J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 40: 326-328.
        52. Singh, B.P. et al. (1992b). Int .Rice Res. NewsJ., 17: 18.
        53. Singh, B.P. et al. (1993). Ann. Agric. Res., 14: 100·102.
        54. Singh, B.P. et al. (1994). Ann. Agric. Res., 15: 81-84.
        55. Singh, B.P and Singh. B.N. (1988). Indian J. Agric. Sci., 58: 851.·
        56. Sir'gh, B.P et al. (1992a). J Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 40: 326-328.
        57. Swarup, A. (1982). PI. Soil., 66: 37-43.
        58. Tahir, A. and Misra, M. (1984). Control of iron tOXicity on newly opened paddy fields. Contribution. Sukarami Res.
        59. Inst. for food crops, m 4: 3-6 (In Indonesia).
        60. Tanaka, A. and Yoshida, S. (1970). Nutritional Disorders of the Rice Plant in Asia. IRRI Technical Bulletin., 10: 51.
        61. Van Breeman, N. and Moormann, F.R. (1978). Iron Toxic Soils. In: Soils and Rice. International Rice Research
        62. Institute, Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines. pp781-800.
        63. Viswanath Setty, Y. et al. (1995). Mysore J. Agric. Sci., 29: 22·26. 58 AGRICULTURAL REVIEWS
        64. Yesril, B.D. (1989). Pemupukan NPK, kapur dan hara mikro sawah kerakunan besi. Laperum HasH Penelitian balittan Sukkrami, M.J. 1988-1989, 97p.
        65. Yoshida, S. (1981). Fundamentals of Rice Crop Science. Inti. Rice. Res. Inst., Los Banos, Philippines, 269p.
        66. Yu, T. (1976). Oxidation - reduction processes in soils (in Chinese). In: Soils of China, Science Press, Beijing, pp. 345-359.
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