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Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive

volume 27 issue 3 (september 2006) : 170 - 180

MEDICINAL IMPORTANCE OF CITRUS PRODUCTS AND BY-PRODUCTS - A REVIEW

L
Lallan Ram
S
Shyam Singh
1National Research Center For Citrus, Amaravati Road, Nagpur - 440 010, India

  • Submitted|

  • First Online |

  • doi

Cite article:- Ram Lallan, Singh Shyam (2025). MEDICINAL IMPORTANCE OF CITRUS PRODUCTS AND BY-PRODUCTS - A REVIEW. Agricultural Reviews. 27(3): 170 - 180. doi: .

ABSTRACT

Soybean rust, incited by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, is the most serious soybean disease of economic importance in the Orient. It is known to occur in Asia, and in many countries of Europe, Africa, Australia and America. However, the distribution of rust in N. America and Europe is restricted to small areas. Yield losses ranging from 10 to 80% are reported from different parts of the world. Phakopsora meibomiae is also causes soybean rust in south of north America, Caribbean area and in south America. Epidemiological studies have been made on uredospore production, germination and infection process. Very meagre information is available on the occurrence and germination of telial stage and their role in life cycle of rust and in the epidemiology of the disease is still unknown. P. pachyrhizi has an extremely wide host range. Though, many fungicides have been reported effective against the rust but triazole derivatives themselves or in combination with other fungicides have proved their worth at large. A large number of soybean varieties and accessions have been screened and resistant sources have been identified across the various countries. Of late, DNA marker in combination with PCR have enabled marker-assisted selections to become a future practical method. In the present paper, the available information on distribution, magnitude, epidemiology and management of soybean rust is reviewed.

KEYWORDS

    REFERENCES

    1. Ahrens, F. et al. (1986). J. Nutr., 116: 70-76.
    2. Ameer, B. et al. (1996). Clin. Pharm. Therap., 60: 34-40.
    3. Anonymous (1989). Committee on Diet and Health, Food and Nutrition Board, National Research Council. Diet
    4. and Health. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.
    5. Astorg, P. (1997). Trends Food Sci. Tech., 8: 406-412.
    6. Attaway, J.A. (1994). In : Food Phytochemicals for Cancer Prevention 1. Fruit and Vegetables. (Huang, M.T. ed)
    7. ACS Symp Ser 546 Am Chem Soc Washington, DC, pp. 241-148.
    8. Attaway, J.A. and Moore, E.L. (1992). In: Proc. Int. Soc. Citriculture, 1136-1139.
    9. Baekey, P.A. et al. (1988). Cline. Cardiology, 11: 595-600.
    10. Backer, R. (1994). Food Tech., 48: 133-138.
    11. Baldwin, E.A. (1993). In: The Biochemistry of Fruit Ripening (Seymous, G.B. et al., eds). Chapman and Hall,
    12. London.
    13. Bay, A. (1983). J. Chromat., 279: 365-372.
    14. Benavente-Garcia (1997). J. Agr. Food Chem., 45: 4505-4515.
    15. Beretz, A. and Cazenaave, J.P. (1988). In: Plant Flavonoids in Biology and Medicine II : Biochemical, Cellular and
    16. Medicinal Properties. Alan R. Liss, Inc.
    17. Berg, P.A. and Daniel, P.T. (1988). In: Plants Flavonoids in Biology and Medicine II: Biochemical, Cellular and
    18. Medicinal Properties. Alan R. Liss, Inc.
    19. Bracke, M.E. et al. (1991). Clin. Wxpl. Metastasis, 9: 13-25.
    20. Cerda, J.J. (1991). Private Communication.
    21. Cerda, et al. (1988). Clin. Cardiology, 11: 589-594.
    22. Chan, et al. (1998). Life Sci., 62: 135-142.
    23. Crowell, P. et al. (1991). J. Biol. Chem., 266: 17679-17685.
    24. FAO (2000). Citrus Fruits, Fresh and Processed - Annual Statistics. Food and Agric. Organization, UN, pp. 34-38.
    25. Feller, P.J. et al. (1990). J. Am. Diet Assoc., 90: 1079-1084.
    26. Girard, B. et al. Technomic Publ. Co. Inc. Lancaster, PA.
    27. Goodwin, T.W. and Goad, L.J. (1970). In: The Biochemistry of Fruits and their Products (Hulme, A.C. ed).
    28. Academic Press, London.
    29. Guthrie, N. et al. (2002). Int. Soc. Citriculture Congress. Held at Florida, USA, 3-7 Dec., 2000 (Abst) : 61.
    30. Hsieh, T.C. and Wu, J.M. (1995). Biochem. Mol. Biol. In., 37: 833-841.
    31. Klein, B.P. and Kurilich, A.C. (2002). Hort. Science, 35: 580-584.
    32. Lallan Ram, and Godara, R.K. (2002). Indian J. Citriculture, 1(2): 140-146.
    33. Maccarone, E. et al. (1983). Ann. Chim. (Rome), 73: 533-539.
    34. Maccarone, E. et al. (1985). Ann. Chim. (Rome), 75: 79-86.
    35. Macheix, J.J. et al. (1990). Fruit Phenolics. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
    36. Magistretti, M.J. et al. (1990). Fruit Phenolices. CRC Press, Boca Ratan, FL.
    37. Maltzman, T.H. et al. (1989). Carcinogenesis, 10: 781-783.
    38. Manthy, John Karel et al. (2000). Int. Soc. Citriculture Comgress. Held at Florida, USA, 3-7 Dec., 2000 (Abst) : 61.
    39. Mareel, M.M. (1980). Intl. Rec. Exp. Pathol., 22: 65-129,
    40. Martin, M.J. et al. (1988). Phytotherapy Res., 2: 183-186.
    41. Matsuda, H. (1991). Yakugaku Zasshi., 111(3): 193-198.
    42. Middleton, E. Jr. and Drzewiecki, G. (1982). Biochem. Pharmacol., 31: 1449-1453.
    43. Middleton, E. et al. (1987). Biochem. Pharmacol., 36: 2948.
    44. Miller, E.G. et al. (2000). Int. Soc. Citrus Congress. USA, Florida from 3-7 Dec., 2000 : pp. 68.
    45. Mirvish, S.S. et al. (1975). J. Nat. Cancer Inst., 55: 633-636.
    46. Patil, B.S. (2000). Int. Soc. Citrus Congress, USA, Florida from 3-7 Dec., 2000 : pp. 67.
    47. Poste, G. and Fidler, I.J. (1980). 283: 139-146.
    48. Robbins, R.C. (1966). Internat Z. Vitaminforsch., 36: 10-15.
    49. Robbins, R.C. (1974). Internal J. Vit. Nutr. Res., 44: 203-216.
    50. Robbins, R.C. (1980). Citrus Nutrition and Quality. (Nagy and Attaway, J.A. eds.). ACS Symposium Series 143,
    51. Washington, D.C.
    52. Vol. 27, No. 3, 2006 179
    53. Robbins, R.C. (1988). Internat J. Vit. Nutr. Res., 58: 414-417.
    54. Rouseff, R.L. and Nagy, S. (1994). Food Technol., 48: 125-132.
    55. Rusznyak, S. snd Szent-Gyorgyi, A. (1936). Nature, 138: 27-37.
    56. Spence, J.D. (1997). Clinical Pharm. Therap., 61: 395-400.
    57. Streiff, R.R. (1971). Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 24: 1390-1392.
    58. Viadana, E. et al. (1978). In: Pulmonary Metastases. G.R. Hall, Boston.
    59. Vlietinck, A. (1990). Private Communication.
    60. Vorster, H.H. (1984). Nutr. Rep. In., 29: 1107-1113.
    61. Wattenberg. L.W. (1983). Cancer Res., 43: 2448s-2453s.
    62. Wattenberg, L.W. Hanley, et al. (1986). In: Diet, Nutrition and Cancer. (Hayashi ed). Sci. Soc. Press, Tokyo.
    63. Wilbur, W. et al. (2000). Int. Soc. Citrus Congress. Held at Florida, USA from 3-7 Dec., 2000. (Abst) : pp. 61
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      volume 27 issue 3 (september 2006) : 170 - 180

      MEDICINAL IMPORTANCE OF CITRUS PRODUCTS AND BY-PRODUCTS - A REVIEW

      L
      Lallan Ram
      S
      Shyam Singh
      1National Research Center For Citrus, Amaravati Road, Nagpur - 440 010, India

      • Submitted|

      • First Online |

      • doi

      Cite article:- Ram Lallan, Singh Shyam (2025). MEDICINAL IMPORTANCE OF CITRUS PRODUCTS AND BY-PRODUCTS - A REVIEW. Agricultural Reviews. 27(3): 170 - 180. doi: .

      ABSTRACT

      Soybean rust, incited by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, is the most serious soybean disease of economic importance in the Orient. It is known to occur in Asia, and in many countries of Europe, Africa, Australia and America. However, the distribution of rust in N. America and Europe is restricted to small areas. Yield losses ranging from 10 to 80% are reported from different parts of the world. Phakopsora meibomiae is also causes soybean rust in south of north America, Caribbean area and in south America. Epidemiological studies have been made on uredospore production, germination and infection process. Very meagre information is available on the occurrence and germination of telial stage and their role in life cycle of rust and in the epidemiology of the disease is still unknown. P. pachyrhizi has an extremely wide host range. Though, many fungicides have been reported effective against the rust but triazole derivatives themselves or in combination with other fungicides have proved their worth at large. A large number of soybean varieties and accessions have been screened and resistant sources have been identified across the various countries. Of late, DNA marker in combination with PCR have enabled marker-assisted selections to become a future practical method. In the present paper, the available information on distribution, magnitude, epidemiology and management of soybean rust is reviewed.

      KEYWORDS

        REFERENCES

        1. Ahrens, F. et al. (1986). J. Nutr., 116: 70-76.
        2. Ameer, B. et al. (1996). Clin. Pharm. Therap., 60: 34-40.
        3. Anonymous (1989). Committee on Diet and Health, Food and Nutrition Board, National Research Council. Diet
        4. and Health. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.
        5. Astorg, P. (1997). Trends Food Sci. Tech., 8: 406-412.
        6. Attaway, J.A. (1994). In : Food Phytochemicals for Cancer Prevention 1. Fruit and Vegetables. (Huang, M.T. ed)
        7. ACS Symp Ser 546 Am Chem Soc Washington, DC, pp. 241-148.
        8. Attaway, J.A. and Moore, E.L. (1992). In: Proc. Int. Soc. Citriculture, 1136-1139.
        9. Baekey, P.A. et al. (1988). Cline. Cardiology, 11: 595-600.
        10. Backer, R. (1994). Food Tech., 48: 133-138.
        11. Baldwin, E.A. (1993). In: The Biochemistry of Fruit Ripening (Seymous, G.B. et al., eds). Chapman and Hall,
        12. London.
        13. Bay, A. (1983). J. Chromat., 279: 365-372.
        14. Benavente-Garcia (1997). J. Agr. Food Chem., 45: 4505-4515.
        15. Beretz, A. and Cazenaave, J.P. (1988). In: Plant Flavonoids in Biology and Medicine II : Biochemical, Cellular and
        16. Medicinal Properties. Alan R. Liss, Inc.
        17. Berg, P.A. and Daniel, P.T. (1988). In: Plants Flavonoids in Biology and Medicine II: Biochemical, Cellular and
        18. Medicinal Properties. Alan R. Liss, Inc.
        19. Bracke, M.E. et al. (1991). Clin. Wxpl. Metastasis, 9: 13-25.
        20. Cerda, J.J. (1991). Private Communication.
        21. Cerda, et al. (1988). Clin. Cardiology, 11: 589-594.
        22. Chan, et al. (1998). Life Sci., 62: 135-142.
        23. Crowell, P. et al. (1991). J. Biol. Chem., 266: 17679-17685.
        24. FAO (2000). Citrus Fruits, Fresh and Processed - Annual Statistics. Food and Agric. Organization, UN, pp. 34-38.
        25. Feller, P.J. et al. (1990). J. Am. Diet Assoc., 90: 1079-1084.
        26. Girard, B. et al. Technomic Publ. Co. Inc. Lancaster, PA.
        27. Goodwin, T.W. and Goad, L.J. (1970). In: The Biochemistry of Fruits and their Products (Hulme, A.C. ed).
        28. Academic Press, London.
        29. Guthrie, N. et al. (2002). Int. Soc. Citriculture Congress. Held at Florida, USA, 3-7 Dec., 2000 (Abst) : 61.
        30. Hsieh, T.C. and Wu, J.M. (1995). Biochem. Mol. Biol. In., 37: 833-841.
        31. Klein, B.P. and Kurilich, A.C. (2002). Hort. Science, 35: 580-584.
        32. Lallan Ram, and Godara, R.K. (2002). Indian J. Citriculture, 1(2): 140-146.
        33. Maccarone, E. et al. (1983). Ann. Chim. (Rome), 73: 533-539.
        34. Maccarone, E. et al. (1985). Ann. Chim. (Rome), 75: 79-86.
        35. Macheix, J.J. et al. (1990). Fruit Phenolics. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
        36. Magistretti, M.J. et al. (1990). Fruit Phenolices. CRC Press, Boca Ratan, FL.
        37. Maltzman, T.H. et al. (1989). Carcinogenesis, 10: 781-783.
        38. Manthy, John Karel et al. (2000). Int. Soc. Citriculture Comgress. Held at Florida, USA, 3-7 Dec., 2000 (Abst) : 61.
        39. Mareel, M.M. (1980). Intl. Rec. Exp. Pathol., 22: 65-129,
        40. Martin, M.J. et al. (1988). Phytotherapy Res., 2: 183-186.
        41. Matsuda, H. (1991). Yakugaku Zasshi., 111(3): 193-198.
        42. Middleton, E. Jr. and Drzewiecki, G. (1982). Biochem. Pharmacol., 31: 1449-1453.
        43. Middleton, E. et al. (1987). Biochem. Pharmacol., 36: 2948.
        44. Miller, E.G. et al. (2000). Int. Soc. Citrus Congress. USA, Florida from 3-7 Dec., 2000 : pp. 68.
        45. Mirvish, S.S. et al. (1975). J. Nat. Cancer Inst., 55: 633-636.
        46. Patil, B.S. (2000). Int. Soc. Citrus Congress, USA, Florida from 3-7 Dec., 2000 : pp. 67.
        47. Poste, G. and Fidler, I.J. (1980). 283: 139-146.
        48. Robbins, R.C. (1966). Internat Z. Vitaminforsch., 36: 10-15.
        49. Robbins, R.C. (1974). Internal J. Vit. Nutr. Res., 44: 203-216.
        50. Robbins, R.C. (1980). Citrus Nutrition and Quality. (Nagy and Attaway, J.A. eds.). ACS Symposium Series 143,
        51. Washington, D.C.
        52. Vol. 27, No. 3, 2006 179
        53. Robbins, R.C. (1988). Internat J. Vit. Nutr. Res., 58: 414-417.
        54. Rouseff, R.L. and Nagy, S. (1994). Food Technol., 48: 125-132.
        55. Rusznyak, S. snd Szent-Gyorgyi, A. (1936). Nature, 138: 27-37.
        56. Spence, J.D. (1997). Clinical Pharm. Therap., 61: 395-400.
        57. Streiff, R.R. (1971). Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 24: 1390-1392.
        58. Viadana, E. et al. (1978). In: Pulmonary Metastases. G.R. Hall, Boston.
        59. Vlietinck, A. (1990). Private Communication.
        60. Vorster, H.H. (1984). Nutr. Rep. In., 29: 1107-1113.
        61. Wattenberg. L.W. (1983). Cancer Res., 43: 2448s-2453s.
        62. Wattenberg, L.W. Hanley, et al. (1986). In: Diet, Nutrition and Cancer. (Hayashi ed). Sci. Soc. Press, Tokyo.
        63. Wilbur, W. et al. (2000). Int. Soc. Citrus Congress. Held at Florida, USA from 3-7 Dec., 2000. (Abst) : pp. 61
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