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Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive

volume 27 issue 2 (june 2006) : 122 - 129

IN VITRO PRODUCTION OF BOVINE EMBRYOS : WE NEED TO STOP OR PROCEED - A REVIEW

S
S. Nandi1
V
V. Girish Kumar
M
M.S. Chauhan2
1Department of Veterinary Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Hebbal, Bangalore - 560 024, India

  • Submitted|

  • First Online |

  • doi

Cite article:- Nandi1 S., Kumar Girish V., Chauhan2 M.S. (2025). IN VITRO PRODUCTION OF BOVINE EMBRYOS : WE NEED TO STOP OR PROCEED - A REVIEW. Agricultural Reviews. 27(2): 122 - 129. doi: .

ABSTRACT

Production of embryos in vitro (in vitro Fertilization technology) provides an excellent and cheap source of embryos for carrying out basic research on developmental physiology, farm animal breeding and for commercial application of the emerging biotechniques like cloning and transgenic livestock production. Embryos of high genetic quality can be obtained from oocytes collected from slaughtered house ovaries or from donors of high genetic quality by ultrasound guided follicular aspiration. Despite technological progress in the last two decades, the practical application of in fertilization technology (IVF) is still less than anticipated because of low efficiency and high cost. Recent data indicate high rate of meiotic maturation (> 85% in cattle, >80% in buffalo), fertilization (> 80% in cattle, >70% in buffalo) and cleavage (> 70% in cattle, >50% in buffalo) but low rates of blastocyst formation (~ 30% in cattle, ~25% in buffalo) and calf production (~10%) and some with severe anomalies. The efficiency of in vitroembryo production (IVP) in buffalo is much lower than in cattle. Substantial improvements in culture systems are needed and many physical, biochemical, molecular, immunological factors affecting the development of oocytes and embryos remain to be investigated before in vitroembryo production can be acceptable. The optimization of IVP of embryos and the analysis of the related problems are the major challenges to be addressed.

KEYWORDS

    REFERENCES

    1. Ali, J. et al. (2000). Hum. Reprod., 15: 145-156.
    2. Bavister, B.D. (2000). Theriogenology, 53: 619-626.
    3. Boerjan, M.L. et al. (2000). Theriogenology, 53: 537-547.
    4. Bousquet, D. et al. (1999). Theriogenology, 51: 59-70.
    5. Brackett, B.G. et al. (1982). Biol. Reprod., 27: 147-158.
    6. Bredbacka, K. and Bredbacka, P. (1996). J. Reprod. Fertil., 106: 169-172.
    7. Bungartz, L. et al. (1995). Theriogenology, 43: 667-675.
    8. Chang, M.C. (1959). Nature. 184: 466-467.
    9. Chauhan, M.S. et al. (1997). Theriogenology, 48: 461-469.
    10. Chauhan, M.S. et al. (1998). Asian Aust. J. Anim. Sci., 11: 398-403.
    11. Choi, S.H. et al. (1997). Theriogenology, 47: 187 (abstract).
    12. Choi, Y.H. et al. (1998). Anim. Reprod. Sci., 50: 27-33.
    13. Dielman S.J. et al. (2002). Theriogenology, 57: 5-20.
    14. Dunford, R. et al. (1994). Theriogenology, 42: 261-272.
    15. Faber, D.C. (2003). Theriogenology, 59: 125-138.
    16. Farin, P.W. and Farin, C.E. (1995). Biol. Reprod., 52: 676-682.
    17. Vol. 27, No. 2, 2006 127
    18. Farin, P.W. et al. (2001). Theriogenology, 55: 151-170.
    19. Galli, C. (2001). Theriogenology, 55: 1341-1357.
    20. Gasparrini, B. (2002). Theriogenology, 57: 237-256.
    21. Gupta, P.S.P. et al. (2001). Reprod. Fertil. Dev., 13: 355-360.
    22. Gupta, P.S.P. et al. (2002). Theriogenology, 57: 1839-1854.
    23. Gutierrez-Adan, A. et al. (1996). Theriogenology, 46: 515-525.
    24. Gutierrez, C.G. et al. (2000). Biol Reprod., 63: 267-273.
    25. Hanada, A. (1986). Japan J. Anim. Reprod., 32: 208 (abstract).
    26. Hasler, J.F. et al. (1995). Theriogenology, 43: 141-152.
    27. Holm, P. et al. (1999). Theriogenology, 52: 686-700.
    28. Hoshi, H. (2003). Theriogenology, 59: 73-86.
    29. Irritani, A. and Niwa, K. (1977). J. Reprod. Fertil., 50: 119-121.
    30. Jacobson, H. et al. (2000). Theriogenology, 53: 1761-69.
    31. Kochhar, H.P.S. (2002). Zygote, 10: 156-162.
    32. Kruip, T.A.M. and den Daas, J.H.G. (1997). Theriogenology, 48: 43-52.
    33. Kruip, T.A.M. et al. (2000). Theriogenology, 53: 611-618.
    34. Larocca, A.C. et al. (1995). Agro Ciencia, 11: 145-150.
    35. Leibfried-Rutledge, M.L. et al. (1999). Theriogenology, 51: 473-485.
    36. Madan, M.L. et al. (1991). Proc. Third World Buff. Cong., 7: 11-17.
    37. Majumdar, A.C. (1992). Symp. Embryo Transfer Technology, IVRI, Izatnagar, April 16-17.
    38. Nandi, S. et al. (2001a). Vet. Rec., 149: 124-125.
    39. Nandi, S. et al. (2001b). (2001). Indian J. Anim. Sci., 71: 936-937.
    40. Nandi, S. et al. (2002a). Reprod. Dom. Anim., 37: 65-74.
    41. Nandi, S. et al. (2002b). Theriogenology, 57: 1151-1159.
    42. Nandi, S. et al. (2003). Theriogenology, 60: 1621-1631.
    43. Nandi, S. et al. (2004). Reprod. Dom. Anim., 39: 33-38.
    44. Neglia, G. et al. (2001). Theriogenology, 55: 488 (Abstract).
    45. Neglia, G. (2003). Theriogenology, 59: 1123-1130.
    46. Otoi, T. et al. (1997). Theriogenology, 48: 769-774.
    47. Palta, P. and Chauhan, M.S. (1998). Reprod, Fertil. Dev., 10: 379-391.
    48. Pincus, G. and Enzmann, E.V. (1935). J. Exp. Med., 62: 665-675.
    49. Pollard, J.W. and Leibo, S.P. (1994). Theriogenology, 41: 101-106.
    50. Pool, T.R. and Martin, J.E. (2001). Endocrinology: Assisted fertilization and Nuclear Transfer in mammals. (Woff,
    51. D.P. and Zelinski-Woote, M. eds.). Human Press Inc., Totowa, 137-157.
    52. Pope, C.E. (2000). Theriogenology, 53: 163-174.
    53. Raghu, H.M. et al. (2002a). Reprod. Fertil. Dev., 14: 55-61.
    54. Raghu, H.M. et al. (2002b). Vet. Rec., 151: 260-265.
    55. Rodriguez, K.F and Farin, C.E. (2004). Theriogenology, 61: 1499-1511.
    56. Rutledge, J.J. (2002). In vitro fertilization to improve cattle production. In: Factors affecting calf crop (Fields, M.J.;
    57. Sand, R.S. and Yelich, J.V. eds.). CRC Press, London, 157-164.
    58. Samad, H.A. et al. (1998). Asian Aust. J. Anim. Sci., 11: 491-497.
    59. Seidel, G.E. (1999). J. Reprod. Fertil., (Suppl. 54): 475-486.
    60. Selvaraj, R. (1992). Indian J. Anim. Sci., 62: 955-957.
    61. Silva, C.C. et al. (1999). J. Reprod. Fertil., 115: 381-388.
    62. Silver, R.I. et al. (1999). J. Urol., 161: 1954-1957.
    63. Sinclair, K.D. et al. (1995). Anim. Sci., 60: 55-64.
    64. Sirard, M.A. (1988). Biol. Reprod., 39: 546-552.
    65. Sohal, R.S. and Allen, R.G. (1990). Exp. Gerontology, 25: 499-522.
    66. Stringfellow, D.A. and Givens, M.D. (2000). Theriogenology, 53: 85-94.
    67. Telfer, E.E. et al. (1999). Anim. Sci., 68: 285-298.
    68. Totey, S.M. et al. (1992). J. Reprod. Fertil., 95: 597-607.
    69. Vajta, G. (2000). Anim. Reprod. Sci., 60-61: 357-364.
    70. Viuff D. et al. (1999). Biol Reprod., 60: 1273-1278.
    71. Wani et al. (2004). Theriogenology, 61: 831-842.
    72. Wagtendonk-de Leeuw van, A.M. et al. (2000). Theriogenology, 53: 575-597.
    73. Wilmut, I. et al. (1997). Nature, 385: 810-813.
    74. 128 AGRICULTURAL REVIEWS
    75. Wilmut, I. et al. (2000). Anim. Reprod. Sci., 60-61: 5-14.
    76. Wright, R.W. Jr. and Ellington, J.E. (1995). Theriogenology, 44: 1167-1189.
    77. Yamashida et al. (1999). Cytotechnology, 31: 1-9.
    78. Young, L.E. et al. (1998). Rev. Reprod., 3: 115-163.
    79. Young, L.E. and Fairburn, H.R. (2000). Theriogenology, 53: 627-648.
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      volume 27 issue 2 (june 2006) : 122 - 129

      IN VITRO PRODUCTION OF BOVINE EMBRYOS : WE NEED TO STOP OR PROCEED - A REVIEW

      S
      S. Nandi1
      V
      V. Girish Kumar
      M
      M.S. Chauhan2
      1Department of Veterinary Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Hebbal, Bangalore - 560 024, India

      • Submitted|

      • First Online |

      • doi

      Cite article:- Nandi1 S., Kumar Girish V., Chauhan2 M.S. (2025). IN VITRO PRODUCTION OF BOVINE EMBRYOS : WE NEED TO STOP OR PROCEED - A REVIEW. Agricultural Reviews. 27(2): 122 - 129. doi: .

      ABSTRACT

      Production of embryos in vitro (in vitro Fertilization technology) provides an excellent and cheap source of embryos for carrying out basic research on developmental physiology, farm animal breeding and for commercial application of the emerging biotechniques like cloning and transgenic livestock production. Embryos of high genetic quality can be obtained from oocytes collected from slaughtered house ovaries or from donors of high genetic quality by ultrasound guided follicular aspiration. Despite technological progress in the last two decades, the practical application of in fertilization technology (IVF) is still less than anticipated because of low efficiency and high cost. Recent data indicate high rate of meiotic maturation (> 85% in cattle, >80% in buffalo), fertilization (> 80% in cattle, >70% in buffalo) and cleavage (> 70% in cattle, >50% in buffalo) but low rates of blastocyst formation (~ 30% in cattle, ~25% in buffalo) and calf production (~10%) and some with severe anomalies. The efficiency of in vitroembryo production (IVP) in buffalo is much lower than in cattle. Substantial improvements in culture systems are needed and many physical, biochemical, molecular, immunological factors affecting the development of oocytes and embryos remain to be investigated before in vitroembryo production can be acceptable. The optimization of IVP of embryos and the analysis of the related problems are the major challenges to be addressed.

      KEYWORDS

        REFERENCES

        1. Ali, J. et al. (2000). Hum. Reprod., 15: 145-156.
        2. Bavister, B.D. (2000). Theriogenology, 53: 619-626.
        3. Boerjan, M.L. et al. (2000). Theriogenology, 53: 537-547.
        4. Bousquet, D. et al. (1999). Theriogenology, 51: 59-70.
        5. Brackett, B.G. et al. (1982). Biol. Reprod., 27: 147-158.
        6. Bredbacka, K. and Bredbacka, P. (1996). J. Reprod. Fertil., 106: 169-172.
        7. Bungartz, L. et al. (1995). Theriogenology, 43: 667-675.
        8. Chang, M.C. (1959). Nature. 184: 466-467.
        9. Chauhan, M.S. et al. (1997). Theriogenology, 48: 461-469.
        10. Chauhan, M.S. et al. (1998). Asian Aust. J. Anim. Sci., 11: 398-403.
        11. Choi, S.H. et al. (1997). Theriogenology, 47: 187 (abstract).
        12. Choi, Y.H. et al. (1998). Anim. Reprod. Sci., 50: 27-33.
        13. Dielman S.J. et al. (2002). Theriogenology, 57: 5-20.
        14. Dunford, R. et al. (1994). Theriogenology, 42: 261-272.
        15. Faber, D.C. (2003). Theriogenology, 59: 125-138.
        16. Farin, P.W. and Farin, C.E. (1995). Biol. Reprod., 52: 676-682.
        17. Vol. 27, No. 2, 2006 127
        18. Farin, P.W. et al. (2001). Theriogenology, 55: 151-170.
        19. Galli, C. (2001). Theriogenology, 55: 1341-1357.
        20. Gasparrini, B. (2002). Theriogenology, 57: 237-256.
        21. Gupta, P.S.P. et al. (2001). Reprod. Fertil. Dev., 13: 355-360.
        22. Gupta, P.S.P. et al. (2002). Theriogenology, 57: 1839-1854.
        23. Gutierrez-Adan, A. et al. (1996). Theriogenology, 46: 515-525.
        24. Gutierrez, C.G. et al. (2000). Biol Reprod., 63: 267-273.
        25. Hanada, A. (1986). Japan J. Anim. Reprod., 32: 208 (abstract).
        26. Hasler, J.F. et al. (1995). Theriogenology, 43: 141-152.
        27. Holm, P. et al. (1999). Theriogenology, 52: 686-700.
        28. Hoshi, H. (2003). Theriogenology, 59: 73-86.
        29. Irritani, A. and Niwa, K. (1977). J. Reprod. Fertil., 50: 119-121.
        30. Jacobson, H. et al. (2000). Theriogenology, 53: 1761-69.
        31. Kochhar, H.P.S. (2002). Zygote, 10: 156-162.
        32. Kruip, T.A.M. and den Daas, J.H.G. (1997). Theriogenology, 48: 43-52.
        33. Kruip, T.A.M. et al. (2000). Theriogenology, 53: 611-618.
        34. Larocca, A.C. et al. (1995). Agro Ciencia, 11: 145-150.
        35. Leibfried-Rutledge, M.L. et al. (1999). Theriogenology, 51: 473-485.
        36. Madan, M.L. et al. (1991). Proc. Third World Buff. Cong., 7: 11-17.
        37. Majumdar, A.C. (1992). Symp. Embryo Transfer Technology, IVRI, Izatnagar, April 16-17.
        38. Nandi, S. et al. (2001a). Vet. Rec., 149: 124-125.
        39. Nandi, S. et al. (2001b). (2001). Indian J. Anim. Sci., 71: 936-937.
        40. Nandi, S. et al. (2002a). Reprod. Dom. Anim., 37: 65-74.
        41. Nandi, S. et al. (2002b). Theriogenology, 57: 1151-1159.
        42. Nandi, S. et al. (2003). Theriogenology, 60: 1621-1631.
        43. Nandi, S. et al. (2004). Reprod. Dom. Anim., 39: 33-38.
        44. Neglia, G. et al. (2001). Theriogenology, 55: 488 (Abstract).
        45. Neglia, G. (2003). Theriogenology, 59: 1123-1130.
        46. Otoi, T. et al. (1997). Theriogenology, 48: 769-774.
        47. Palta, P. and Chauhan, M.S. (1998). Reprod, Fertil. Dev., 10: 379-391.
        48. Pincus, G. and Enzmann, E.V. (1935). J. Exp. Med., 62: 665-675.
        49. Pollard, J.W. and Leibo, S.P. (1994). Theriogenology, 41: 101-106.
        50. Pool, T.R. and Martin, J.E. (2001). Endocrinology: Assisted fertilization and Nuclear Transfer in mammals. (Woff,
        51. D.P. and Zelinski-Woote, M. eds.). Human Press Inc., Totowa, 137-157.
        52. Pope, C.E. (2000). Theriogenology, 53: 163-174.
        53. Raghu, H.M. et al. (2002a). Reprod. Fertil. Dev., 14: 55-61.
        54. Raghu, H.M. et al. (2002b). Vet. Rec., 151: 260-265.
        55. Rodriguez, K.F and Farin, C.E. (2004). Theriogenology, 61: 1499-1511.
        56. Rutledge, J.J. (2002). In vitro fertilization to improve cattle production. In: Factors affecting calf crop (Fields, M.J.;
        57. Sand, R.S. and Yelich, J.V. eds.). CRC Press, London, 157-164.
        58. Samad, H.A. et al. (1998). Asian Aust. J. Anim. Sci., 11: 491-497.
        59. Seidel, G.E. (1999). J. Reprod. Fertil., (Suppl. 54): 475-486.
        60. Selvaraj, R. (1992). Indian J. Anim. Sci., 62: 955-957.
        61. Silva, C.C. et al. (1999). J. Reprod. Fertil., 115: 381-388.
        62. Silver, R.I. et al. (1999). J. Urol., 161: 1954-1957.
        63. Sinclair, K.D. et al. (1995). Anim. Sci., 60: 55-64.
        64. Sirard, M.A. (1988). Biol. Reprod., 39: 546-552.
        65. Sohal, R.S. and Allen, R.G. (1990). Exp. Gerontology, 25: 499-522.
        66. Stringfellow, D.A. and Givens, M.D. (2000). Theriogenology, 53: 85-94.
        67. Telfer, E.E. et al. (1999). Anim. Sci., 68: 285-298.
        68. Totey, S.M. et al. (1992). J. Reprod. Fertil., 95: 597-607.
        69. Vajta, G. (2000). Anim. Reprod. Sci., 60-61: 357-364.
        70. Viuff D. et al. (1999). Biol Reprod., 60: 1273-1278.
        71. Wani et al. (2004). Theriogenology, 61: 831-842.
        72. Wagtendonk-de Leeuw van, A.M. et al. (2000). Theriogenology, 53: 575-597.
        73. Wilmut, I. et al. (1997). Nature, 385: 810-813.
        74. 128 AGRICULTURAL REVIEWS
        75. Wilmut, I. et al. (2000). Anim. Reprod. Sci., 60-61: 5-14.
        76. Wright, R.W. Jr. and Ellington, J.E. (1995). Theriogenology, 44: 1167-1189.
        77. Yamashida et al. (1999). Cytotechnology, 31: 1-9.
        78. Young, L.E. et al. (1998). Rev. Reprod., 3: 115-163.
        79. Young, L.E. and Fairburn, H.R. (2000). Theriogenology, 53: 627-648.
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