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Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive

volume 29 issue 2 (june 2008) : 108 - 116

ROCK PHOSPHATE: ITS AVAILABILITY AND SOLUBILIZATION IN THE SOIL – A REVIEW

K
Kiran Kumari
V
V. K. Phogat
1Department of Soil Science, CCS HAU, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India

  • Submitted|

  • First Online |

  • doi

Cite article:- Kumari Kiran, Phogat K. V. (2025). ROCK PHOSPHATE: ITS AVAILABILITY AND SOLUBILIZATION IN THE SOIL – A REVIEW. Agricultural Reviews. 29(2): 108 - 116. doi: .

ABSTRACT

A high grade quality rock phosphate is an essential requirement for manufacturing of phosphatic fertilizers. In India, 15.3 mt of indigenous deposits of high grade rock phosphate could meet hardly 35% of the total demand and remaining demand is met through its import. In view of escalating cost of P fertilizers, it becomes necessary to generate technologies by which P from indigenous low grade rock phosphate can be solubilized and utilized as a source of P fertilizer. Various amendments which have been explored world over in order to increase the solubility and availability of low grade rock phosphate includes: composting with farm manure, green manuring, partial acidulation of rock phosphate, use of phosphorus solubilizing organisms, use of rock phosphate along with some chemicals etc.

KEYWORDS

    REFERENCES

    1. Amberger, A. et al. (1992). Proc. International Humic Substances Society. Monopoli (Bari), Italy, Sept., 20-25.
    2. Anderson, D.L. et al. (1985). Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 49: 918-925.
    3. Asewar, B.V. et al. (2003). Ann. Plant Physiol., 17: 193-195.
    4. Babare, A.M. et al. (1997). Aust. J. Expt. Agric., 37: 969-984.
    5. Bagavathi Ammal, U. et al. (2000). J. Trop. Agric, 38: 59-62.
    6. Bagavathi Ammal, U. et al. (2001). Indian J. Agric. Res., 35: 166-170.
    7. Bangar, K.C. et al. (1985). Plant Soil., 85: 259-266.
    8. Basak, R.K. and De, G.K. (1997). J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 45: 759-762.
    9. Bekele, T. and Hofner, W. (1993). Fertil. Res., 34: 243-250.
    10. Bekele,T. et al. (1983). Plant Soil ., 75: 361-378.
    11. Bennoah, O.E. and Acquaye, D.K. (1996). Fertil. Res., 44: 101-106.
    12. Biswas, D.R. and Narayanasamy, G. (1998). J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 46: 406-412.
    13. Biswas, D.R. and Narayanasamy, G. (2002). Fert . News, 47: 53-56.
    14. Bojinova, D. et al. (1997). Nutr. Cyc. Agro. Ecosys., 47: 227-232.
    15. Bolland, M.D.A. (1994). Fertil. Res. 38: 29-45.
    16. Vol. 29, No. 2, 2008 115
    17. Bolland, M.D.A. et al. (2001). Aust. J. Soil Res., 39: 773-798.
    18. Cavigelli, M.A. and Thien, S.J. (2003). Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 67: 1186-1194.
    19. Chien, S.H. (1977). Soil Sci., 123: 117-121.
    20. Chien, S.H. and Hammond, L.L. (1978). Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 42: 935-939.
    21. Chien, S.H. and Menon, R.G. (1995). Fertil. Res. 41:197-209.
    22. Chien, S.H. et al. (1980). Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 44: 1267-1271.
    23. Daspattanayak, P.S. and Basak, R.K. (1995). Environ. Ecology, 13: 233-234.
    24. Dinkelaker, B. et al. (1989). Plant Cell Environ., 12: 285-292.
    25. Dubey, S. K. (2001). Indian J. Plant Physiol. 6: 441-443.
    26. Flach, E.N. et al. (1987). Trop. Agric., 64: 347-352.
    27. Fox, T.R. et al. (1990). Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 54: 1763-1767.
    28. Gahoonia, T.S. et al. (1992). Plant Soil, 140: 241-248.
    29. Gaur, A.C. (1990). In: Phosphorus Solubilizing Micro-Organism as Biofertilizers. Omega Scientific Publishers, New Delhi.
    30. Gaur, A.C. and Sunita, G. (1999). Current Trends in Life Sciences, 23: 151-164.
    31. Gharu, A. and Tarafdar, J.C. (2004). J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 53: 248-253.
    32. Goenadi, Didiek, H. et al. (2000). Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 64: 927-932.
    33. Haynes, R.L. (1992). J. Sci. Food , 74: 1-7.
    34. He, N.Z. and Sun, Q.M. (1994). Pedosphere, 4:137-144.
    35. Helling, C.S. et al. (1964). Soil Sci. So. Am. Proc., 28: 517-520.
    36. Jagdev Sharma. et al. (2001). Himachal J. Agric. Sci., 25: 19-23.
    37. Johnston, H.W. (1952). New Zealand. J. Sci. Tech. B., 33: 436-446.
    38. Jones, D.L. and Darrah, P.R. (1994). Plant Soil., 166: 247-257.
    39. Kanabo, I. and Gilkes,R.J. (1987b). Aust. J. Soil Res., 25: 451-460.
    40. Kanabo, I. and Gilkes,R.J. (1988). Fertil. Res., 15: 137-145.
    41. Kato, N. et al. (1995). Fertil. Res., 41: 235-242.
    42. Kaushik, B.D. et al. (2004). Ann. Agric. Res., 25: 179-186.
    43. Kirk, G.J.D. and Nye, P.H. (1986). J. Soil Sci., 37: 541-553.
    44. Kole, S.C. and Hajra, J.N. (1998). Environ. Eco., 16: 344-349.
    45. Kumar, A. et al. (1999). J. Indian Soc. Soil. Sci., 47: 549-551.
    46. Laxminarayana, K. (2005). J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 53: 240-243.
    47. Lehr, J.R. and McClellan, G.H. (1972). TVA Bulletine. Y-43. Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), Muscle Shoals, Albama.
    48. Lewis, D.C. et al. (1997). J. Expt. Agric. 37: 985-993.
    49. Mackay, A.D.; and Syers, J.K. (1986). Fertil. Res., 10: 175-184.
    50. Mahimairaja, S. et al. (1995). Fertil. Res., 40: 93-104.
    51. Mandal, S. et al. (1996). Indian Agriculturist, 40: 141-143.
    52. Mandal, S. et al. (1995). Indian Agriculturist, 39: 71-73.
    53. Manna, M.C. et al. (2003). J. Food Agric. Environ., 1: 203-208.
    54. Manna, M.C. et al. (2001). J. agric. Sci., 137: 45-54.
    55. McLean, E.O. and Ssali, N. (1977). Soil Sci., 123: 155-166
    56. Mehrotra, C.L. (1968). J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 13: 27-31.
    57. Mishra, U.K. et al. (2002). J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 50: 259-264.
    58. Mongia, A.D. and Bandyopadhyay, A.K. (1994). J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 42: 405-408.
    59. Nahas, E. et al. (1990). Soil Bio. Biochem., 22: 1097-1101.
    60. Narayanasamy, G. and Biswas, D.R. (1998). Fertil. News., 43: 21-32.
    61. Nazirkar, R.B. et al. (2004). J. Maharasthra Agric. Univ., 29: 237-239.
    62. Pattanayak, S.K. et al. (2001). J. Indian Soc. Soil. Sci., 47: 285-291.
    63. Prosenjit, Roy, et al. (1999). J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 47: 372-375.
    64. Rajan, S.S.S. and Watkinson, J.H. (1992). Fertil. Res., 33: 267-277.
    65. Rajan, S.S.S. et al. (1991). Fertil. Res., 28: 95-101.
    66. Rajan, S.S.S. et al. (1994). Fertil. Res., 37: 69-78.
    67. Rajan, S.S.S. et al. (1996). Adv. Agron., 57: 77-159.
    68. Rastogi, R.C. et al. (1976). J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 24:175-181.
    69. Robinson, J.S. and Syers, J.K. (1991). J. Soil Sci., 42: 389-397.
    70. Robinson, J.S. et al. (1992). Fertil. Res., 32: 91-99.
    71. Roy, P. et al. (1999). J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 47: 372-375.
    72. Sengupta, T.K. (2004). Fertil. News, 49: 55-57.
    73. 116 AGRICUTURAL REVIEWS
    74. Sharma, S.C. and Vyas, A.K. (2001). Indian J. Agro., 46: 416-420.
    75. Sharma, S.N. et al. (2001). Indian J. agric. Sci., 71: 77-81.
    76. Sharpley, A.N. and Smith. (1989). J. Environ. Quality, 18:101-105.
    77. Shehana, R.S. and Abraram, A. (2001). J. Trop., 39: 57-59.
    78. Silverman, S.R. et al. (1951). Quantitative determination of calcite associated with carbonate bearing apatites. U.S.
    79. Geological Survey. 211-222.
    80. Singh, C.P. and Ruhal, D.S. (1993). J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 41: 443-446.
    81. Singh, C.P.and Amberger, A. (1991). Bio. and Hort., 7: 261-269.
    82. Somani, L.L. (1994). Fertil. News. 36: 31-37.
    83. Sreenivas, C.H. and Narayanasamy, G. (2003). J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 51: 262-267.
    84. Srikanth, K. et al. (1999). Mysore J. Agric. Sci., 33: 243-247.
    85. Sundara, B. et al. (2002). Field Crop Res., 77: 43-49.
    86. Sundaravadivel, K. et al. (2000). Madras Agric. J., 86: 384-388.
    87. Thakur, S.K. and Sharma, C.R. (1998). J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 46: 228-231.
    88. Tisdale, S.L. et al. (1985). Soil Fertility and Fertilizers. 4th ed. Macmillian, N.York.
    89. Tyagi, M.K. et al. (2003). Indian J. Agric. Res., 37: 1-8.
    90. Van den Berghe, C.H. (1996). Fertil. Res., 45: 51-59.
    91. Van Ray, B. and Van Diest, A. (1979). Plant Soil, 51: 577-589.
    92. Vassilev, N. and Vassileva, M. (2003). Appl. Microbio. Biotech., 61: 435-440.
    93. Xiong, L.M. et al. (1994). Fertil. Res., 38: 205-212.
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      volume 29 issue 2 (june 2008) : 108 - 116

      ROCK PHOSPHATE: ITS AVAILABILITY AND SOLUBILIZATION IN THE SOIL – A REVIEW

      K
      Kiran Kumari
      V
      V. K. Phogat
      1Department of Soil Science, CCS HAU, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India

      • Submitted|

      • First Online |

      • doi

      Cite article:- Kumari Kiran, Phogat K. V. (2025). ROCK PHOSPHATE: ITS AVAILABILITY AND SOLUBILIZATION IN THE SOIL – A REVIEW. Agricultural Reviews. 29(2): 108 - 116. doi: .

      ABSTRACT

      A high grade quality rock phosphate is an essential requirement for manufacturing of phosphatic fertilizers. In India, 15.3 mt of indigenous deposits of high grade rock phosphate could meet hardly 35% of the total demand and remaining demand is met through its import. In view of escalating cost of P fertilizers, it becomes necessary to generate technologies by which P from indigenous low grade rock phosphate can be solubilized and utilized as a source of P fertilizer. Various amendments which have been explored world over in order to increase the solubility and availability of low grade rock phosphate includes: composting with farm manure, green manuring, partial acidulation of rock phosphate, use of phosphorus solubilizing organisms, use of rock phosphate along with some chemicals etc.

      KEYWORDS

        REFERENCES

        1. Amberger, A. et al. (1992). Proc. International Humic Substances Society. Monopoli (Bari), Italy, Sept., 20-25.
        2. Anderson, D.L. et al. (1985). Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 49: 918-925.
        3. Asewar, B.V. et al. (2003). Ann. Plant Physiol., 17: 193-195.
        4. Babare, A.M. et al. (1997). Aust. J. Expt. Agric., 37: 969-984.
        5. Bagavathi Ammal, U. et al. (2000). J. Trop. Agric, 38: 59-62.
        6. Bagavathi Ammal, U. et al. (2001). Indian J. Agric. Res., 35: 166-170.
        7. Bangar, K.C. et al. (1985). Plant Soil., 85: 259-266.
        8. Basak, R.K. and De, G.K. (1997). J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 45: 759-762.
        9. Bekele, T. and Hofner, W. (1993). Fertil. Res., 34: 243-250.
        10. Bekele,T. et al. (1983). Plant Soil ., 75: 361-378.
        11. Bennoah, O.E. and Acquaye, D.K. (1996). Fertil. Res., 44: 101-106.
        12. Biswas, D.R. and Narayanasamy, G. (1998). J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 46: 406-412.
        13. Biswas, D.R. and Narayanasamy, G. (2002). Fert . News, 47: 53-56.
        14. Bojinova, D. et al. (1997). Nutr. Cyc. Agro. Ecosys., 47: 227-232.
        15. Bolland, M.D.A. (1994). Fertil. Res. 38: 29-45.
        16. Vol. 29, No. 2, 2008 115
        17. Bolland, M.D.A. et al. (2001). Aust. J. Soil Res., 39: 773-798.
        18. Cavigelli, M.A. and Thien, S.J. (2003). Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 67: 1186-1194.
        19. Chien, S.H. (1977). Soil Sci., 123: 117-121.
        20. Chien, S.H. and Hammond, L.L. (1978). Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 42: 935-939.
        21. Chien, S.H. and Menon, R.G. (1995). Fertil. Res. 41:197-209.
        22. Chien, S.H. et al. (1980). Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 44: 1267-1271.
        23. Daspattanayak, P.S. and Basak, R.K. (1995). Environ. Ecology, 13: 233-234.
        24. Dinkelaker, B. et al. (1989). Plant Cell Environ., 12: 285-292.
        25. Dubey, S. K. (2001). Indian J. Plant Physiol. 6: 441-443.
        26. Flach, E.N. et al. (1987). Trop. Agric., 64: 347-352.
        27. Fox, T.R. et al. (1990). Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 54: 1763-1767.
        28. Gahoonia, T.S. et al. (1992). Plant Soil, 140: 241-248.
        29. Gaur, A.C. (1990). In: Phosphorus Solubilizing Micro-Organism as Biofertilizers. Omega Scientific Publishers, New Delhi.
        30. Gaur, A.C. and Sunita, G. (1999). Current Trends in Life Sciences, 23: 151-164.
        31. Gharu, A. and Tarafdar, J.C. (2004). J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 53: 248-253.
        32. Goenadi, Didiek, H. et al. (2000). Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 64: 927-932.
        33. Haynes, R.L. (1992). J. Sci. Food , 74: 1-7.
        34. He, N.Z. and Sun, Q.M. (1994). Pedosphere, 4:137-144.
        35. Helling, C.S. et al. (1964). Soil Sci. So. Am. Proc., 28: 517-520.
        36. Jagdev Sharma. et al. (2001). Himachal J. Agric. Sci., 25: 19-23.
        37. Johnston, H.W. (1952). New Zealand. J. Sci. Tech. B., 33: 436-446.
        38. Jones, D.L. and Darrah, P.R. (1994). Plant Soil., 166: 247-257.
        39. Kanabo, I. and Gilkes,R.J. (1987b). Aust. J. Soil Res., 25: 451-460.
        40. Kanabo, I. and Gilkes,R.J. (1988). Fertil. Res., 15: 137-145.
        41. Kato, N. et al. (1995). Fertil. Res., 41: 235-242.
        42. Kaushik, B.D. et al. (2004). Ann. Agric. Res., 25: 179-186.
        43. Kirk, G.J.D. and Nye, P.H. (1986). J. Soil Sci., 37: 541-553.
        44. Kole, S.C. and Hajra, J.N. (1998). Environ. Eco., 16: 344-349.
        45. Kumar, A. et al. (1999). J. Indian Soc. Soil. Sci., 47: 549-551.
        46. Laxminarayana, K. (2005). J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 53: 240-243.
        47. Lehr, J.R. and McClellan, G.H. (1972). TVA Bulletine. Y-43. Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), Muscle Shoals, Albama.
        48. Lewis, D.C. et al. (1997). J. Expt. Agric. 37: 985-993.
        49. Mackay, A.D.; and Syers, J.K. (1986). Fertil. Res., 10: 175-184.
        50. Mahimairaja, S. et al. (1995). Fertil. Res., 40: 93-104.
        51. Mandal, S. et al. (1996). Indian Agriculturist, 40: 141-143.
        52. Mandal, S. et al. (1995). Indian Agriculturist, 39: 71-73.
        53. Manna, M.C. et al. (2003). J. Food Agric. Environ., 1: 203-208.
        54. Manna, M.C. et al. (2001). J. agric. Sci., 137: 45-54.
        55. McLean, E.O. and Ssali, N. (1977). Soil Sci., 123: 155-166
        56. Mehrotra, C.L. (1968). J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 13: 27-31.
        57. Mishra, U.K. et al. (2002). J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 50: 259-264.
        58. Mongia, A.D. and Bandyopadhyay, A.K. (1994). J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 42: 405-408.
        59. Nahas, E. et al. (1990). Soil Bio. Biochem., 22: 1097-1101.
        60. Narayanasamy, G. and Biswas, D.R. (1998). Fertil. News., 43: 21-32.
        61. Nazirkar, R.B. et al. (2004). J. Maharasthra Agric. Univ., 29: 237-239.
        62. Pattanayak, S.K. et al. (2001). J. Indian Soc. Soil. Sci., 47: 285-291.
        63. Prosenjit, Roy, et al. (1999). J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 47: 372-375.
        64. Rajan, S.S.S. and Watkinson, J.H. (1992). Fertil. Res., 33: 267-277.
        65. Rajan, S.S.S. et al. (1991). Fertil. Res., 28: 95-101.
        66. Rajan, S.S.S. et al. (1994). Fertil. Res., 37: 69-78.
        67. Rajan, S.S.S. et al. (1996). Adv. Agron., 57: 77-159.
        68. Rastogi, R.C. et al. (1976). J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 24:175-181.
        69. Robinson, J.S. and Syers, J.K. (1991). J. Soil Sci., 42: 389-397.
        70. Robinson, J.S. et al. (1992). Fertil. Res., 32: 91-99.
        71. Roy, P. et al. (1999). J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 47: 372-375.
        72. Sengupta, T.K. (2004). Fertil. News, 49: 55-57.
        73. 116 AGRICUTURAL REVIEWS
        74. Sharma, S.C. and Vyas, A.K. (2001). Indian J. Agro., 46: 416-420.
        75. Sharma, S.N. et al. (2001). Indian J. agric. Sci., 71: 77-81.
        76. Sharpley, A.N. and Smith. (1989). J. Environ. Quality, 18:101-105.
        77. Shehana, R.S. and Abraram, A. (2001). J. Trop., 39: 57-59.
        78. Silverman, S.R. et al. (1951). Quantitative determination of calcite associated with carbonate bearing apatites. U.S.
        79. Geological Survey. 211-222.
        80. Singh, C.P. and Ruhal, D.S. (1993). J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 41: 443-446.
        81. Singh, C.P.and Amberger, A. (1991). Bio. and Hort., 7: 261-269.
        82. Somani, L.L. (1994). Fertil. News. 36: 31-37.
        83. Sreenivas, C.H. and Narayanasamy, G. (2003). J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 51: 262-267.
        84. Srikanth, K. et al. (1999). Mysore J. Agric. Sci., 33: 243-247.
        85. Sundara, B. et al. (2002). Field Crop Res., 77: 43-49.
        86. Sundaravadivel, K. et al. (2000). Madras Agric. J., 86: 384-388.
        87. Thakur, S.K. and Sharma, C.R. (1998). J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 46: 228-231.
        88. Tisdale, S.L. et al. (1985). Soil Fertility and Fertilizers. 4th ed. Macmillian, N.York.
        89. Tyagi, M.K. et al. (2003). Indian J. Agric. Res., 37: 1-8.
        90. Van den Berghe, C.H. (1996). Fertil. Res., 45: 51-59.
        91. Van Ray, B. and Van Diest, A. (1979). Plant Soil, 51: 577-589.
        92. Vassilev, N. and Vassileva, M. (2003). Appl. Microbio. Biotech., 61: 435-440.
        93. Xiong, L.M. et al. (1994). Fertil. Res., 38: 205-212.
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