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Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive

volume 30 issue 2 (june 2009) : 79 - 93

EFFECT OF SEASON AND MANAGEMENT ON SEMEN QUALITY OF BREEDING BULLS- A REVIEW

M
M. Bhakat
T
T.K. Mohanty
A
A.K. Gupta
V
V.S. Raina
1National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132 001, India

  • Submitted|

  • First Online |

  • doi

Cite article:- Bhakat M., Mohanty T.K., Gupta A.K., Raina V.S. (2025). EFFECT OF SEASON AND MANAGEMENT ON SEMEN QUALITY OF BREEDING BULLS- A REVIEW. Agricultural Reviews. 30(2): 79 - 93. doi: .

ABSTRACT

Artificial insemination is nowadays a widely used technique for the enhancement of genetic
potential of livestock species. But still the maximum benefit of this tool cannot be extracted as
there are certain inherent problems of semen quality like poor semen quality and poor freezability
with crossbred and buffalo bulls. Correspondingly, there is a genetic and economic loss owing to
disposal of these high genetic merit bulls. Semen quality is affected by several factor of which
season is one of the major factors. It exerts its effect on reproductive performance through
macro and micro climatic factors like temperature, humidity, rainfall, photo-period. On the other
side vaccination of exotic and crossbred animals for prevention of contagious diseases, as they
are more prone to them in turn has detrimental effect on the semen quality. Therefore suitable
management strategies are being searched for and incorporated, like laboratory procedures i.e.
the use of filtration technique so as to maximize quality semen production without discarding
too many poor quality ejaculates and re-scheduling of vaccination protocol to unfavorable season
in terms of semen production.

REFERENCES

  1. Ahmad, Z. et al (2003). Theriogenolo, 59: 1189-1202.
  2. Almquist, J. O. (1973). J. Anim. Sci. 36: 331–336.
  3. Amann, R. P. and Almquist J. O. (1976). In: Proc. 6th Tech. Conf. Artificial Insemination Reprod. Natl. Assoc.
  4. Anim. Breeders, Columbia, MO, 1–10 pp.
  5. Anzar, M. and Graham, E.F. (1993). Animal Reprod. Sci. 31: 197-204
  6. Anzar, M. and Graham, E.F. (1995). Theriogenology 43: 439-449.
  7. Anzar, M. and Graham, E.F. (1996). Theriogenology 45: 513-520.
  8. Anzar, M. et al (1997). Theriogenology 47: 844
  9. Bane, A. and Nicander, L. (1966). J. Reprod. Fert. 11: 133.
  10. Bhat, V. et al (2004). Indian J. Anim. Reprod. 25(1): 23-24.
  11. Bhosrekar, M.R. et al (1991). Anim. Reprod. Sci. 26: 219-226.
  12. Bhosrekar, M.R. et al (1992). Indian J. Anim. Sci. 62: 443-447.
  13. Chauhan, S.S. et al (1993). Indian J. Anim. Sci. 63 (3): 246-250.
  14. Chenoweth, P.J. et al (2003). Proceedings of the 16th Western Dairy Management Conference, March 12-14.
  15. Clarke, I.J. and Tilbrook, A.J. (1992). Anim. Reprod. Sci. 28: 219-228.
  16. Dixit, N.K. et al (1984). Theriogenology 24: 293-303.
  17. El- Wishy, 1978; Younis, (1996) Malik et al., (1974) and Ahmad et al., (1984). Citated by Waltl, B.F. et al (2006).Anim.
  18. Reprod. Sci. 95: 27-37.
  19. Foster, J. et al (1970). J. Anim. Sci. 30: 245–252.
  20. Gahlot, P.S. and Kohli, T.S. (1981). Indian Vet. J. 58: 1001-1002.
  21. Gahlot, P.S. et al (1990). Indian J. Anim. Reprod. 11(2): 109-110.
  22. Goswami, S.C. et al (1991). Indian J. Anim. Sci. 61: 579-583.
  23. Goyal, R. L. et al (1996). Theriogenology 46: 679- 686.
  24. Graham, E.F. and Graham, J.K. (1990). J. Dairy Sci. 73:91-97.
  25. Graham, E.F. et al (1976). VIII International Congress, Animal Reproduction Artificial Insemination, Cracow, IV: 896-89.
  26. Hafs, H. D. (1972). In Proc. 4th Tech. Conf. Artificial Insemination Reprod. Natl. Assoc. Anim. Breeders, Columbia,
  27. MO, 14–18 pp.
  28. Hallap, T. et al (2004). Theriogenology 62: 702-703.
  29. Helbig, L. et al (2007). Anim. Reprod. Sci., 97: 265–277.
  30. Igboeli. G. et al (1987). Ainm. Reprod. Sci. 14: 31-38.
  31. Januskauskas, A. et al (2005). Theriogenology, 63: 160-178.
  32. Kammar, N.F. and Gangadhar, K.S. (1998). Indian J. of Anim. Reprod. 19(2): 149-150
  33. Kerruish, B.M. (1955). Br. J. Anim. Behav. 3: 125-130.
  34. Khate, K. (2005). M.V.Sc.Tthesis in Animal Genetics and Breeding, NDRI, Karnal.
  35. Knop, K. et al (2005). Ainm. Reprod. Sci. 89: 199–321.
  36. Kodagali, S.B. et al (1980). Indian J. Anim. Health, 19:31-34. 92 AGRICUTURAL REVIEWS
  37. Koonjaenak, S. et al (2007). Asian J. Androl. 9 (1): 92-101.
  38. Kotayya, K., and Rao, A.V.H. (1981). Indian Vet. J. 88(7): 590-591.
  39. Krishnan, R. et al (2003). National seminar on Frozen semen technology, Dhoni, Kerala, India, pp-211-215.
  40. Kumar Ajeet et al (2003). Indian J. Anim. Sci. 73(8): 854-857.
  41. Kumar, N. et al (1999). Indian J. Anim. Sci. 69: 91-93.
  42. Larson, D. et al (1982). In Proc. 9th Tech. Conf. on Artificial Insemination and Reprod. Natl. Assoc. Anim.
  43. Breeders, Columbia, MO, 51–55.
  44. Madan, M.L. (1985). Proc First World Buffalo Congress, Cairo. P. 524.
  45. Mandal, D.K. et al (2000). Indian J. Dairy Sci. 53:278-283.
  46. Manik, R.S. and Mudgal, V.D. (1984). World Review of Anim. Produc. 20 (4): 45-50, October- December: 1984
  47. Mann, T. and Mann, C.L. (1981). Male Reproductive, Function and Semen. Springer- Verlag Berlin. Heidelberg, New York, USA.
  48. Mathevon, M. et al (1998). J. Dairy Sci. 1: 3321–3330
  49. Mathew, A. et al (1984). Anim Breed Abst 51(2): 856.
  50. Mathur, A.K. et al (2002). J. Livestock Poultry Prodn., 18(1-2): 21-23.
  51. Mathur, A.K. et al (2003). Indian J. Anim. Sci. 73(8): 864-866.
  52. Maurya, V.P. and Tuli, R.K. (2003). Asian- Aust. J. anim. Sci. 16 (10): 1424- 1428.
  53. Murugavel, K. et al (1997). Indian J. Anim. Sci. 67: 597-598
  54. Murugavel, K. et al (2000). Indian Vet. Med. J. 24: 289-291
  55. Mustafa, G. et al (1998). Theriogenology 50: 205-211.
  56. Oloufa, M.M. et al (1959). Indian J. Dairy Sci. 12: 10-17.
  57. Panghal, V.S. and Tuli, R.K. (1999). Indian J. Dairy sci. 52: 233-236.
  58. Pankaj, P.K. (2006). Ph.D. Thesis, NDRI Deemed University, Karnal, Haryana.
  59. Parrish, J.J. et al (1995). Theriogenology 44: 859–869.
  60. Prosser, J. J. (1968). In: Proc. 2nd Tech. Conf. Artificial Insemination Reprod. Natl. Assoc. Anim. Breeders,
  61. Columbia, MO, 44–45pp.
  62. Radhakrishnan, R. et al (1975). Indian Vet. J. 52: 620-625.
  63. Rana, C.M. et al (2004). Indian J. Dairy Sci., 57(2): 96-103.
  64. Rao, A.R. (1976). Indian Vet. J. 53: 414-418.
  65. Rao, A.R. et al (1980). Theriogenology 14 (1): 10-12.
  66. Rao, K.R. et al (1995). Indian Vet. J. 72: 883-884.
  67. Rao, V.J. and Venkataswami, V. (1971). Indian Vet. J. 48: 1101-02.
  68. Ravimurgan, T. et al (2003). Indian Buffalo J., 1(2): 85-87.
  69. Rekwot, P.I et al (1987). Anim. Reprod. Sci. 14 : 187-194.
  70. Samper, J.C. (1990). Ph.D. dissertation, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN; p. 92-125.
  71. Saxena, V.B., and Tripathi, S.S. (1976). Indian J. Anim. Sci. 46(1): 44-47.
  72. Saxena, V.B., and Tripathi, S.S. (1977). Indian Vet. J. 54: 959-964.
  73. Sethi, R.K. et al (1989). Indian Vet. J. 59: 171-172.
  74. Shannon, P. (1972). Proc. 7th Int. Congr. Anim. Reprod. and A.I., Munich, Germany vol. 2 pp. 1440–1442.
  75. Singh, P. (2003). 4th Asian Buffalo Congr. On Buffalo for Food Security and Rural Employment, from 25-28th Feb., 2003, held in New Delhi. pp. 35-41.
  76. Singh, P. and Raina, V.S. (2000). Asian-Aust J. Anim. Sci., 13(7):901-90.
  77. Singh, R. et al (2003). Indian J. Anim. Sci. 73: 1319-1323.
  78. Sudheer, S. and Xavier, C.J. (2000). Indian J. of Anim. Reprod. 21(1): 72-73
  79. Suryaprakasam, T.B. and Rao, A.V.N. (1993). Indian Vet. J. 70: 1022-1024.
  80. Tomar, N.S. et al (1966). Indian J. Dairy Sci. 19: 87-93.
  81. Tripathi, S.S., and Saxena, V.B. (1976). Indian J. Anim. Sci. 46: 44-47.
  82. Tuli, R.K. and Singh, M. (1983). Theriogenology 20: 321-324.
  83. Tyagi, S. et al (2006). Indian J. Anim. Reprod. 27(1): 27-30.
  84. Ulgen G. et al (2004). Uludag Univ. J. Fac. Vet. Med. 23, 1-2-3: 9-14.
  85. Venkatareddy, J. et al (1991). Indian J. of Anim. Produc. 12: 13-14. Vol. 30, No. 2, 2009 93
  86. Venkataswami, V. et al (1972). Indian Vet. J. 49: 1012-1016.
  87. Vyas, S. et al (1991). Indian J. Anim. Sci. 61(7): 702-704.
  88. Vyas, S. et al (1992). Indian J Anim Sci 62: 341-343.
  89. Yates, J.H. et al (2003). Theriogenology 60(9): 1665-77.
  90. Zafar, A.H. et al (1988). Buffalo J. 4(1): 61-68.
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    volume 30 issue 2 (june 2009) : 79 - 93

    EFFECT OF SEASON AND MANAGEMENT ON SEMEN QUALITY OF BREEDING BULLS- A REVIEW

    M
    M. Bhakat
    T
    T.K. Mohanty
    A
    A.K. Gupta
    V
    V.S. Raina
    1National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132 001, India

    • Submitted|

    • First Online |

    • doi

    Cite article:- Bhakat M., Mohanty T.K., Gupta A.K., Raina V.S. (2025). EFFECT OF SEASON AND MANAGEMENT ON SEMEN QUALITY OF BREEDING BULLS- A REVIEW. Agricultural Reviews. 30(2): 79 - 93. doi: .

    ABSTRACT

    Artificial insemination is nowadays a widely used technique for the enhancement of genetic
    potential of livestock species. But still the maximum benefit of this tool cannot be extracted as
    there are certain inherent problems of semen quality like poor semen quality and poor freezability
    with crossbred and buffalo bulls. Correspondingly, there is a genetic and economic loss owing to
    disposal of these high genetic merit bulls. Semen quality is affected by several factor of which
    season is one of the major factors. It exerts its effect on reproductive performance through
    macro and micro climatic factors like temperature, humidity, rainfall, photo-period. On the other
    side vaccination of exotic and crossbred animals for prevention of contagious diseases, as they
    are more prone to them in turn has detrimental effect on the semen quality. Therefore suitable
    management strategies are being searched for and incorporated, like laboratory procedures i.e.
    the use of filtration technique so as to maximize quality semen production without discarding
    too many poor quality ejaculates and re-scheduling of vaccination protocol to unfavorable season
    in terms of semen production.

    REFERENCES

    1. Ahmad, Z. et al (2003). Theriogenolo, 59: 1189-1202.
    2. Almquist, J. O. (1973). J. Anim. Sci. 36: 331–336.
    3. Amann, R. P. and Almquist J. O. (1976). In: Proc. 6th Tech. Conf. Artificial Insemination Reprod. Natl. Assoc.
    4. Anim. Breeders, Columbia, MO, 1–10 pp.
    5. Anzar, M. and Graham, E.F. (1993). Animal Reprod. Sci. 31: 197-204
    6. Anzar, M. and Graham, E.F. (1995). Theriogenology 43: 439-449.
    7. Anzar, M. and Graham, E.F. (1996). Theriogenology 45: 513-520.
    8. Anzar, M. et al (1997). Theriogenology 47: 844
    9. Bane, A. and Nicander, L. (1966). J. Reprod. Fert. 11: 133.
    10. Bhat, V. et al (2004). Indian J. Anim. Reprod. 25(1): 23-24.
    11. Bhosrekar, M.R. et al (1991). Anim. Reprod. Sci. 26: 219-226.
    12. Bhosrekar, M.R. et al (1992). Indian J. Anim. Sci. 62: 443-447.
    13. Chauhan, S.S. et al (1993). Indian J. Anim. Sci. 63 (3): 246-250.
    14. Chenoweth, P.J. et al (2003). Proceedings of the 16th Western Dairy Management Conference, March 12-14.
    15. Clarke, I.J. and Tilbrook, A.J. (1992). Anim. Reprod. Sci. 28: 219-228.
    16. Dixit, N.K. et al (1984). Theriogenology 24: 293-303.
    17. El- Wishy, 1978; Younis, (1996) Malik et al., (1974) and Ahmad et al., (1984). Citated by Waltl, B.F. et al (2006).Anim.
    18. Reprod. Sci. 95: 27-37.
    19. Foster, J. et al (1970). J. Anim. Sci. 30: 245–252.
    20. Gahlot, P.S. and Kohli, T.S. (1981). Indian Vet. J. 58: 1001-1002.
    21. Gahlot, P.S. et al (1990). Indian J. Anim. Reprod. 11(2): 109-110.
    22. Goswami, S.C. et al (1991). Indian J. Anim. Sci. 61: 579-583.
    23. Goyal, R. L. et al (1996). Theriogenology 46: 679- 686.
    24. Graham, E.F. and Graham, J.K. (1990). J. Dairy Sci. 73:91-97.
    25. Graham, E.F. et al (1976). VIII International Congress, Animal Reproduction Artificial Insemination, Cracow, IV: 896-89.
    26. Hafs, H. D. (1972). In Proc. 4th Tech. Conf. Artificial Insemination Reprod. Natl. Assoc. Anim. Breeders, Columbia,
    27. MO, 14–18 pp.
    28. Hallap, T. et al (2004). Theriogenology 62: 702-703.
    29. Helbig, L. et al (2007). Anim. Reprod. Sci., 97: 265–277.
    30. Igboeli. G. et al (1987). Ainm. Reprod. Sci. 14: 31-38.
    31. Januskauskas, A. et al (2005). Theriogenology, 63: 160-178.
    32. Kammar, N.F. and Gangadhar, K.S. (1998). Indian J. of Anim. Reprod. 19(2): 149-150
    33. Kerruish, B.M. (1955). Br. J. Anim. Behav. 3: 125-130.
    34. Khate, K. (2005). M.V.Sc.Tthesis in Animal Genetics and Breeding, NDRI, Karnal.
    35. Knop, K. et al (2005). Ainm. Reprod. Sci. 89: 199–321.
    36. Kodagali, S.B. et al (1980). Indian J. Anim. Health, 19:31-34. 92 AGRICUTURAL REVIEWS
    37. Koonjaenak, S. et al (2007). Asian J. Androl. 9 (1): 92-101.
    38. Kotayya, K., and Rao, A.V.H. (1981). Indian Vet. J. 88(7): 590-591.
    39. Krishnan, R. et al (2003). National seminar on Frozen semen technology, Dhoni, Kerala, India, pp-211-215.
    40. Kumar Ajeet et al (2003). Indian J. Anim. Sci. 73(8): 854-857.
    41. Kumar, N. et al (1999). Indian J. Anim. Sci. 69: 91-93.
    42. Larson, D. et al (1982). In Proc. 9th Tech. Conf. on Artificial Insemination and Reprod. Natl. Assoc. Anim.
    43. Breeders, Columbia, MO, 51–55.
    44. Madan, M.L. (1985). Proc First World Buffalo Congress, Cairo. P. 524.
    45. Mandal, D.K. et al (2000). Indian J. Dairy Sci. 53:278-283.
    46. Manik, R.S. and Mudgal, V.D. (1984). World Review of Anim. Produc. 20 (4): 45-50, October- December: 1984
    47. Mann, T. and Mann, C.L. (1981). Male Reproductive, Function and Semen. Springer- Verlag Berlin. Heidelberg, New York, USA.
    48. Mathevon, M. et al (1998). J. Dairy Sci. 1: 3321–3330
    49. Mathew, A. et al (1984). Anim Breed Abst 51(2): 856.
    50. Mathur, A.K. et al (2002). J. Livestock Poultry Prodn., 18(1-2): 21-23.
    51. Mathur, A.K. et al (2003). Indian J. Anim. Sci. 73(8): 864-866.
    52. Maurya, V.P. and Tuli, R.K. (2003). Asian- Aust. J. anim. Sci. 16 (10): 1424- 1428.
    53. Murugavel, K. et al (1997). Indian J. Anim. Sci. 67: 597-598
    54. Murugavel, K. et al (2000). Indian Vet. Med. J. 24: 289-291
    55. Mustafa, G. et al (1998). Theriogenology 50: 205-211.
    56. Oloufa, M.M. et al (1959). Indian J. Dairy Sci. 12: 10-17.
    57. Panghal, V.S. and Tuli, R.K. (1999). Indian J. Dairy sci. 52: 233-236.
    58. Pankaj, P.K. (2006). Ph.D. Thesis, NDRI Deemed University, Karnal, Haryana.
    59. Parrish, J.J. et al (1995). Theriogenology 44: 859–869.
    60. Prosser, J. J. (1968). In: Proc. 2nd Tech. Conf. Artificial Insemination Reprod. Natl. Assoc. Anim. Breeders,
    61. Columbia, MO, 44–45pp.
    62. Radhakrishnan, R. et al (1975). Indian Vet. J. 52: 620-625.
    63. Rana, C.M. et al (2004). Indian J. Dairy Sci., 57(2): 96-103.
    64. Rao, A.R. (1976). Indian Vet. J. 53: 414-418.
    65. Rao, A.R. et al (1980). Theriogenology 14 (1): 10-12.
    66. Rao, K.R. et al (1995). Indian Vet. J. 72: 883-884.
    67. Rao, V.J. and Venkataswami, V. (1971). Indian Vet. J. 48: 1101-02.
    68. Ravimurgan, T. et al (2003). Indian Buffalo J., 1(2): 85-87.
    69. Rekwot, P.I et al (1987). Anim. Reprod. Sci. 14 : 187-194.
    70. Samper, J.C. (1990). Ph.D. dissertation, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN; p. 92-125.
    71. Saxena, V.B., and Tripathi, S.S. (1976). Indian J. Anim. Sci. 46(1): 44-47.
    72. Saxena, V.B., and Tripathi, S.S. (1977). Indian Vet. J. 54: 959-964.
    73. Sethi, R.K. et al (1989). Indian Vet. J. 59: 171-172.
    74. Shannon, P. (1972). Proc. 7th Int. Congr. Anim. Reprod. and A.I., Munich, Germany vol. 2 pp. 1440–1442.
    75. Singh, P. (2003). 4th Asian Buffalo Congr. On Buffalo for Food Security and Rural Employment, from 25-28th Feb., 2003, held in New Delhi. pp. 35-41.
    76. Singh, P. and Raina, V.S. (2000). Asian-Aust J. Anim. Sci., 13(7):901-90.
    77. Singh, R. et al (2003). Indian J. Anim. Sci. 73: 1319-1323.
    78. Sudheer, S. and Xavier, C.J. (2000). Indian J. of Anim. Reprod. 21(1): 72-73
    79. Suryaprakasam, T.B. and Rao, A.V.N. (1993). Indian Vet. J. 70: 1022-1024.
    80. Tomar, N.S. et al (1966). Indian J. Dairy Sci. 19: 87-93.
    81. Tripathi, S.S., and Saxena, V.B. (1976). Indian J. Anim. Sci. 46: 44-47.
    82. Tuli, R.K. and Singh, M. (1983). Theriogenology 20: 321-324.
    83. Tyagi, S. et al (2006). Indian J. Anim. Reprod. 27(1): 27-30.
    84. Ulgen G. et al (2004). Uludag Univ. J. Fac. Vet. Med. 23, 1-2-3: 9-14.
    85. Venkatareddy, J. et al (1991). Indian J. of Anim. Produc. 12: 13-14. Vol. 30, No. 2, 2009 93
    86. Venkataswami, V. et al (1972). Indian Vet. J. 49: 1012-1016.
    87. Vyas, S. et al (1991). Indian J. Anim. Sci. 61(7): 702-704.
    88. Vyas, S. et al (1992). Indian J Anim Sci 62: 341-343.
    89. Yates, J.H. et al (2003). Theriogenology 60(9): 1665-77.
    90. Zafar, A.H. et al (1988). Buffalo J. 4(1): 61-68.
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